Abstract
This chapter describes designs and experiments that apply the Raman effect to wideband amplifiers (WBAs). In the context of this chapter, wideband corresponds to a bandwidth of approximately 50 to 100 nm or more. We start by explaining the need for WBAs, and briefly review some of the key enabling technologies for wideband systems. Section 14.2 describes several approaches for WBA, including the erbium-doped fiber amplifier (EDFA) and Raman amplifier combinations as well as all-Raman amplifiers. Section 14.3 summarizes the advantages and challenges of the all-Raman approach, the focus of this chapter. Section 14.4 identifies the key physical principles that need to be considered in the design of all-Raman WBAs. Then, perhaps the most important section of this chapter, Section 14.5 describes engineering design rules for construction of all-Raman WBAs that satisfy gain and noise figure performance requirements of typical long-haul and ultra-long-haul fiber-optic transmission systems. Several WBA experiments that use either EDFA/Raman amplifier combinations or all-Raman amplifiers are illustrated in Section 14.6, and exemplary wideband system experiments are described in Section 14.7. Finally, we summarize and conclude the chapter in Section 14.8.
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Islam, M.N., De Wilde, C., Kuditcher, A. (2004). Wideband Raman Amplifiers. In: Islam, M.N. (eds) Raman Amplifiers for Telecommunications 2. Springer Series in Optical Sciences, vol 90/2. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-21585-3_5
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-21585-3_5
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