Abstract
A traumatic stress perspective sheds a particular light on challenges facing the United Nations system—from poverty and exclusion in peacetime to displacement and deprivationin war or after disaster. It is an ever-evolving perspective or lens, and one that needs adjustment for cultural, gender, age, and other dynamic variables. It also needs adjustment according to the size of the targeted population, be it an entire nation or specific communities, families, or individuals. At its core is a concern for how human beings experience and respond to intolerable or traumatic Stressors. From that core concern, a traumatic stress perspective then considers what might be desirable in terms of prevention, practice, and policy to alleviate suffering and improve quality of life. A broad menu of possible interventions is presented throughout this book, each of which must be understood in context and within a continually expanding knowledge base about the nature and consequences of traumatic Stressors.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Abdo, T., Al-Dorzi, H., Itani, A., Jabr, F., & Zaghloul, N. (1997). Earthquakes: Health outcomes and implications in Lebanon. Le Journal Medical Libanais, 45, 197–200.
American Psychiatric Association (1994). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (4th ed.). Washington, DC: Author.
American Psychological Association (2002). Disaster Response Network:A pro-bono service of the American Psychological Association and its members. American Psychological Association Web site: http://www.apa.org/practice/drn.html .
Asuni, T. (1979). The dilemma of traditional healing with special reference to Nigeria. Social Science and Medicine, 13B, 33–39.
Brom, D., Kleber, R.J., & Defares, P.B. (1989). Brief psychotherapy for post-traumatic stress disorders. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 57, 607–612.
Danieli, Y. (Ed.) (1998). International handbook of multigenerational legacies of trauma. New York: Plenum.
De Girolamo, G. (1993). International perspectives on the treatment and prevention of post-traumatic stress disorder. In J. Wilson & B. Raphael (Eds.), International handbook of traumatic stress syndromes (pp. 935–946). New York: Plenum.
De Jong, J.T.V.M. (Ed.) (2002a). Trauma, war and violence: Public mental health in socio-cultural context. New York: Kluwer/Plenum.
De Jong, J.T.V.M. (2002b) Public mental health, traumatic stress and human rights violations in low-income countries: A culturally appropriate model in times of conflict, disaster and peace. In J.T.V.M., De Jong (Ed.) (2002), Trauma, war and violence: Public mental health in sociocultural context. New York: Kluwer/Plenum.
Foa, E.B., Dancu, C.V., Hembree, E.A., Jaycox, L.H., Meadows, E.A., & Street, G.P. (1999). A comparison of exposure therapy, stress innoculation training, and their combination for reducing posttraumatic stress disorder in female assault victims. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 67, 194–200.
Foa, E.B., Keane, T.M., Friedman, M.J. (Eds.) (2000). Effective treatments for PTSD: Practice guidelines from the International Society for Traumatic Stress Studies. New York: Guilford Press.
Friedman, M.J. (2000). A guide to the literature on pharmacotherapy for PTSD. PTSD Research Quarterly, 11, 1–7.
Friedman, M.J., Davidson, J.R.T., Mellman, T.A., & Southwick, S. (2000). Pharmacotherapy. In E.B. Foa, T.M. Keane, & M.J. Friedman (Eds.), Effective treatments for PTSD: Practice guidelines from the International Society for Traumatic Stress Studies (pp. 84–105). New York: Guilford Press.
Hopa, M., Simbayi, L.C., & Du Toit, CD. (1998). Perceptions on integration of traditional and Western healing in the new South Africa. South African Journal of Psychology, 28, 8–14.
Jacob, K.S. (2001). Community care for people with mental disorders in developing countries: Problems and possible solutions. British Journal of Psychiatry, 178, 296–298.
Krupnick, J. (2002, May). Group IPT for PTSD after interpersonal trauma in low-income women. In New applications of IPT (Panel conducted at the meeting of the American Psychiatric Association, Philadelphia, PA).
Leff, J. (2001). Mental health services and barriers to implementation: Background information document. In World Health Organization Ministerial round tables 2001: Mental health. London: Institute of Psychiatry.
Marsella, A.J. (1998). Toward a “Global-Community Psychology”: Meeting the needs of a changing world. American Psychologist, 53, 1282–1291.
Meichenbaum, D. (1974). Self-instructional methods. In F.H. Kanfer & A.P. Goldstein (Eds.), Helping people change (pp. 357–391). New York: Pergamon Press.
Nathan, T. (1987). Amenagement de la technique psychoanalytique dans les situations interculturelles. Information Psychiatrique, 63, 781–785.
Patel, V. (2000). The need for treatment evidence for common mental disorders in developing countries. Psychological Medicine, 30, 743–746.
Pearlman, L.A., & Saakvitne, K.W. (1995). Trauma and the therapist: Countertransference and vicarious traumatization in psychotherapy with incest survivors. New York: W.W. Norton.
Paunovic, N., & Ost, L-G. (2001). Cognitive behavior therapy vs. exposure therapy in the treatment of PTSD in refugees. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 39, 1183–1197.
Resick, P.A., Nishith, P., Weaver, T.L., Astin, M.C., & Feuer, CA. (2002). A comparison of cognitive-processing therapy with prolonged exposure and a waiting condition for the treatment of chronic posttraumatic stress disorder in female rape victims. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 70, 867–879.
Rothbaum, B.O., Meadows, E.A., Resick, P., & Foy, D. (2000). Cognitive-behavioral therapy. In E.B. Foa, T.M. Keane, & M.J. Friedman (Eds.), Effective treatments for PTSD: Practice guidelines from the International Society for Traumatic Stress Studies (pp. 60–83). New York: Guilford Press.
Siriam, T.G. (1990). Psychotherapy in developing countries: A public health perspective. Indian Journal of Psychotherapy, 32, 138–144.
Tanaka-Matsumi, J., & Higginbotham, H.N. (1996). Behavioral approaches to counseling across cultures. In P.B. Pedersen, J.G. Draguns, W.J. Lonner, & J.E. Trimble (Eds.), Counseling across cultures (4th ed.) (pp. 266–292). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
World Health Organization (1992). The ICD-10 classification of mental and behavioral disorders: Clinical descriptions and guidelines. Geneva: Author.
World Health Organization (2001). WHO Model List of Essential Drugs (EDL) 11th Edition (Nov, 1999), World Health Organization Web site: http://www.who.int/medicines/organization/par/edl/infed11group.html
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2004 Kluwer Academic Publishers
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Fairbank, J.A., Friedman, M.J., de Jong, J., Green, B.L., Solomon, S.D. (2004). Intervention Options for Societies, Communities, Families, and Individuals. In: Green, B.L., et al. Trauma Interventions in War and Peace. International and Cultural Psychology Series. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-306-47968-7_4
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-306-47968-7_4
Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA
Print ISBN: 978-0-306-47723-2
Online ISBN: 978-0-306-47968-7
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive