Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (diabetes) is a serious disease accounting for about 9 per cent of hospital costs although the total cost is much greater. Less than a hundred years ago diabetes was invariably fatal and while enormous strides have been made in terms of increasing knowledge about the disorder and the most effective ways to improve the quality of the lives of those affected, there is still no cure for diabetes. It can have a major impact on the physical, psychological and material well-being of individuals and their families. Life expectancy is reduced, on average, by more than 20 years in people with type 1 diabetes and by up to ten years in people with type 2 diabetes. Mortality rates from coronary heart disease are up to five times higher for people with diabetes and the risk from stroke is up to three times higher. Prompt diagnosis, regular checks to identify serious complications at an early stage and treatment to control blood glucose and hypertension can reduce the risk of serious complications and increase life expectancy (Department of Health [DOH], 2001).
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Blevins, D. and Cassmeyer, V. L. 1995, ‘The patient with diabetes mellitus’ in Long, B. C., Phipps, J. W. and Cassmeyer, V. L. (eds) Adult Nursing. A Nursing Process Approach. London. Times Mirror International Publishers Ltd.
Davidson, M. B. 1998, Diabetes Mellitus: Diagnosis and Treatment. 4th edn. London. W. B. Saunders Co.
Department of Health (DOH) 2001, National Service Framework for Older People. London. DOH.
Department of Health (DOH) 2001, National Service Framework for Diabetes: Standards. London. DOH.
Diabetes UK 2000a, ‘Who gets diabetes and what causes it?’ http://www.diabetes.org.uk/diabetes/get.htm
Diabetes UK 2000b, ‘Understanding diabetes’. http://www.diabetes.org.uk/diabetes/ under.htm
Diabetes UK 2000c, ‘Diabetes: costs and complications’. http://www.diabetes.org.uk/diabetes/infocentre/fact/fact3.htm
Guven, S. and Kuenzi, J. 1998, ‘Diabetes mellitus’ in Porth, C. M. (ed.), Pathophysiology. Concepts of Altered Health States. 5th edn. Philadelphia. Lippincott-Raven Publishers.
Guyton, A. C. and Hall, J. E. 2000, Textbook of Medical Physiology. 10th edn. London. W. B. Saunders Co.
Henry, R. R., Wallace, P. and Olefsky, J. M. 1986, ‘Effects of weight loss on mechanisms of hyperglycaemia in obese non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus’. Diabetes, 35, 990–8.
Kee, J. L. 1995, Laboratory and Diagnostic Tests with Nursing Implications. 4th edn. Connecticut. Appleton & Lange.
Ludwig-Beymer, P., Heuther, S. E. and Gray, D. P. 1994, ‘Alterations of hormonal regulation’ in McCance, K. L. and Heuther, S. E. (eds) Pathophysiology. The Biological Basis for Disease in Adults and Children. 2nd edn. London. Mosby-Year Book Inc.
Marieb, N. E. 2001, Human Anatomy and Physiology. 5th edn. London. Pearson Education Inc. publishing as Benjam in Cummings.
Mera, S. L. 1997, Understanding Disease. London. Stanley Thornes (Publishers) Ltd.
Mooradian, A. D. and Chehade, J. 2000, ‘Implications of the UK Prospective Diabetes Study; questions answered and issues remaining’. Drugs and Aging, 16 (3), 159–64.
Nathan, D. 1993, ‘Long term complications of diabetes mellitus’. New England Journal of Medicine, 328 (23), 1676.
Page, S. R. and Hall, G. M. 1999, Diabetes–Emergency and Hospital Management. London. BMJ Books.
Patel, M. 2002, ‘Diabetes’. http://members.aol.com/m4ynk/introl.html
Peragallo-Dittko, V. 1993, A Core Curriculum for Diabetes Education. Chicago. American Association of Diabetes Educators.
Seeley, R. R., Stephens, T. D. and Tate, P. 1992, Anatomy and Physiology. London. Mosby-Year Book Inc.
Seely, B. L. and Olefsky, J. M. 1993, ‘Potential cellular and genetic mechanisms for insulin resistance in common disorders of obesity and diabetes’ in Moller, D. (ed.) Insulin Resistance and its Clinical Disorders. London. John Wiley & Sons.
Smeltzer, S. C. and Bare, B. G. 2000, Bruner & Suddarth’s Textbook of Medical–Surgical Nursing. 9th edn. Philadelphia. Lippincott, Williams and Wilkins.
Solares, M., Agana-Defensor, R., Song-Mayeda, C. and Canada, L. D. 2002, ‘Endocrine-metabolic system’ in Thompson, J. M., McFarland, G. K., Hirsch, J. E. and Tucker, S. M. Mosby’s Clinical Nursing. 5th edn. London. Mosby Inc.
Tattersall, R. and Gale, E. 1990, ‘The new patient: assessment and investigation’ in Tattersall, R. and Gale, E. (eds) Diabetes Clinical Management. London. Churchill Livingstone.
Timby, B. K., Scherer, J. C. and Smith, N. E. 1999, Introductory Medical–Surgical Nursing. 7th edn. Philadelphia. Lippincott, Williams and Wilkins.
Tortora, G. J. and Grabowski, S. R. 2000, Principles of Anatomy and Physiology. 9th edn. London. John Wiley and Sons Inc.
Tortora, G. J. and Grabowski, S. R. 2001, Introduction to Human Physiology. 5th edn. London. John Wiley and Sons.
United Kingdom Prospective Study (UKPDS) Group 1998, ‘Effects of intensive blood glucose control with metformin on complications in overnight patients with type 2 diabetes (UKPDS 34)’. Lancet, 352, 854–65.
Valentine, V. 1996, ‘Nursing role in management of patients’ in Lewis, S. M., Collier, I. C. and Heitkemper, M. M. (eds), Medical–Surgical Nursing. 4th edn. London. Mosby-Year Book Inc.
Copyright information
© 2004 Philippe Marie and Norma Whittaker
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Marie, P., Whittaker, N. (2004). Diabetes Mellitus. In: Disorders and Interventions. Palgrave, London. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-230-21399-9_14
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-230-21399-9_14
Publisher Name: Palgrave, London
Print ISBN: 978-0-333-92263-7
Online ISBN: 978-0-230-21399-9
eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)