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Perioperative and Critical Care Medicine pp 15–35Cite as

Respiratory Mechanics in Health

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Abstract

The statics of the respiratory system and its component parts is studied by determining and analysing corresponding volume-pressure (V-P) relationships. These relationships are usually represented as single lines, in spite of the fact that static pressures differ depending on volume, as well as on timing. V-P relationships obtained in subsequent steps from minimal to maximal lung volume and back again appear as loops, referred to as ‘hysteresis loops,’ that are attributed to both viscoelasticity, i.e. a rate-dependent phenomenon, and plasticity, i.e. a rate-independent phenomenon. Indeed, only plasticity is responsible for static hysteresis. Although there is no information concerning pressure related to tissue plasticity in humans, it has been suggested that this pressure component should be very small in the tidal volume range [1]. Moreover, the static pressure across the lung and chest wall varies at different sites because of the effects of gravity and different shapes of these two structures [2], while the static pressure across the respiratory system may become non- uniform under conditions involving airway closure. Nevertheless, for analytical purposes, static V-P relationships will be considered as single functions.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Human Physiology I, University of Milan, Milan, Italy

    E. D’Angelo

  2. Department of Perioperative Medicine, Intensive Care and Emergency, School of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, Cattinara University Hospital, Trieste, Italy

    A. Lucangelo

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  1. E. D’Angelo
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  2. A. Lucangelo
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  1. Department of Perioperative Medicine, Intensive Care and Emergency, Trieste University School of Medicine, Trieste, Italy

    Antonino Gullo  & Giorgio Berlot  & 

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D’Angelo, E., Lucangelo, A. (2006). Respiratory Mechanics in Health. In: Gullo, A., Berlot, G. (eds) Perioperative and Critical Care Medicine. Springer, Milano. https://doi.org/10.1007/88-470-0417-9_2

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/88-470-0417-9_2

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