Skip to main content

Ideal-Gas Like Markets: Effect of Savings

  • Chapter
Econophysics of Wealth Distributions

Part of the book series: New Economic Windows ((NEW))

Abstract

We discuss the ideal gas like models of a trading market. The effect of savings on the distribution have been thoroughly reviewed. The market with fixed saving factors leads to a Gamma-like distribution. In a market with quenched random saving factors for its agents we show that the steady state income (m) distribution P(m) in the model has a power law tail with Pareto index v equal to unity. We also discuss the detailed numerical results on this model. We analyze the distribution of mutual money difference and also develop a master equation for the time development of P(m). Precise solutions are then obtained in some special cases.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 39.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. Pareto V (1897) Cours d’economie Politique. F. Rouge, Lausanne

    Google Scholar 

  2. Moss de Oliveira S, de Oliveira PMC, Stauffer D (1999) Evolution, Money, War and Computers. B. G. Tuebner, Stuttgart, Leipzig

    Book  Google Scholar 

  3. Levy M, Solomon S (1997) New evidence for the power-law distribution of wealth, Physica A 242:90–94; Drăgulescu AA, Yakovenko VM (2001) Exponential and Power-Law Probability Distributions of Wealth and Income in the United Kingdom and the United States. Physica A 299:213–221; Aoyama H, Souma W, Fujiwara Y (2003) Growth and fluctuations of personal and company’s income, Physica A 324:352

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. Di Matteo T, Aste T, Hyde ST (2003) Exchanges in Complex Networks: Income and Wealth Distributions, cond-mat/0310544; Clementi F, Gallegati M (2005), Power Law Tails in the Italian Personal Income Distribution. Physica A 350:427–438

    Google Scholar 

  5. Sinha S (2005) Evidence for Power-law Tail of the Wealth Distribution in India, cond-mat/0502166

    Google Scholar 

  6. Chakrabarti BK, Marjit S (1995) Self-organization in Game of Life and Economics,Indian J. Phys. B69:681–698; Ispolatov S, Krapivsky PL, Redner S (1998) Wealth distributions in asset exchange models, Eur. Phys. J. B 2:267

    Google Scholar 

  7. Drăgulescu AA, Yakovenko VM (2000) Statistical Mechanics of Money, Eur. Phys. J. B 17:723–726

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. Chakraborti A, Chakrabarti BK (2000) Statistical Mechanics of Money: Effects of Saving Propensity, Eur. Phys. J. B 17:167–170

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. Chakraborti A (2002) Distributions of money in model markets of economy, Int. J. Mod. Phys. C 13:1315

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. Hayes B (2002) Follow the Money, American Scientist, USA, 90:(Sept–Oct)400–405

    Google Scholar 

  11. Chakraborti A, Pradhan S, Chakrabarti BK (2001) A Self-organizing Market Model with single Commodity, Physica A 297:253–259

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. Chatterjee A, Chakrabarti BK, Manna SS (2004) Pareto Law in a Kinetic Model of Market with Random Saving Propensity, Physica A 335:155

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. Chatterjee A, Chakrabarti BK; Manna SS (2003) Money in Gas-like Markets: Gibbs and Pareto Laws, Physica Scripta T 106:36

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. Chakrabarti BK, Chatterjee A (2004) Ideal Gas-Like Distributions in Economics: Effects of Saving Propensity, in Application of Econophysics, Proc. 2nd Nikkei Econophys. Symp., Ed. Takayasu H, Springer, Tokyo, pp. 280–285

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  15. Sinha S (2003) Stochastic Maps, Wealth Distribution in Random Asset Exchange Models and the Marginal Utility of Relative Wealth, Phys. Scripta T106:59–64; Ferrero JC (2004) The statistical distribution of money and the rate of money transference, Physica A 341:575; Iglesias JR, Gonçalves S, Abramson G, Vega JL (2004) Correlation between risk aversion and wealth distribution, Physica A 342:186; Scafetta N, Picozzi S, West BJ (2004) A trade-investment model for distribution of wealth, Physica D 193:338–352

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. Slanina F (2004) Inelastically scattering particles and wealth distribution in an open economy, Phys. Rev. E 69:046102

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. See e.g, Landau LD, Lifshitz EM (1968), Statistical Physics. Pergamon Press, Oxford.

    Google Scholar 

  18. Samuelson PA (1980) Economics. Mc-Graw Hill Int., Auckland.

    Google Scholar 

  19. Willis G, Mimkes J (2004) Evidence for the Independence of Waged and Unwaged Income, Evidence for Boltzmann Distributions in Waged Income, and the Outlines of a Coherent Theory of Income Distribution, cond-mat/0406694

    Google Scholar 

  20. Das A, Yarlagadda S (2003) Analytic treatment of a trading market model, Phys. Scripta T106:39–40

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. Patriarca M, Chakraborti A, Kaski K (2004) A Statistical model with a standard Γ distribution, Phys. Rev. E 70:016104

    Article  Google Scholar 

  22. Repetowicz P, Hutzler S, Richmond P (2004) Dynamics of Money and Income Distributions, cond-mat/0407770

    Google Scholar 

  23. Ding N, Xi N, Wang Y (2003) Effects of saving and spending patterns on holding time distribution, Eur. Phys. J. B 36:149

    Article  Google Scholar 

  24. Bak P (1997) How Nature works. Oxford University Press, Oxford.

    Google Scholar 

  25. Chatterjee A, Chakrabarti BK, Stinchcombe RB (2005) Master equation for a kinetic model of trading market and its analytic solution, cond-mat/0501413

    Google Scholar 

  26. Chatterjee A, Chakrabarti BK, Stinchcombe RB (2005) Analyzing money distributions in ‘ideal gas’ models of markets, in ‘Practical Fruits of Econophysics’, Ed. Takayasu H, Springer-Berlag, Tokyo Proc. Third Nikkei Symposium on Econophysics, Tokyo, Japan, 2004, cond-mat/0501413

    Google Scholar 

  27. Dynan KE, Skinner J, Zeldes SP (2004) Do the rich save more ?, J. Pol. Econ. 112: 397–444.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2005 Springer-Verlag Italia

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Chatterjee, A., Chakrabarti, B.K. (2005). Ideal-Gas Like Markets: Effect of Savings. In: Chatterjee, A., Yarlagadda, S., Chakrabarti, B.K. (eds) Econophysics of Wealth Distributions. New Economic Windows. Springer, Milano. https://doi.org/10.1007/88-470-0389-X_9

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics