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Impaired Neutrophil Mechanoregulation by Fluid Flow: A Potential Contributing Factor for Microvascular Dysfunction in Obesity

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The Mechanobiology of Obesity and Related Diseases

Part of the book series: Studies in Mechanobiology, Tissue Engineering and Biomaterials ((SMTEB,volume 16))

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Abstract

In this chapter, we discuss evidence that potentially implicates impaired neutrophil responses to shear stress as a putative factor in obesity-related cardiovascular disease. We do so by presenting evidence connecting obesity with microvascular disorders due to chronic inflammation and highlighting this link in the setting of hypertension and hypercholesterolemia. Furthermore, the potential impact of neutrophils on these obesity-related disease processes is discussed. Notably, both hypertension and hypercholesterolemia are associated with a deficiency in the neutrophil responsiveness to fluid shear stress. In this regard, we define the neutrophil responses to shear stress exposure and how these responses may play a role in microvascular function under physiological conditions as well as how their impairment may result in microcirculatory dysfunction. Finally, we point to data consistent with an impaired neutrophil shear sensitivity being a manifestation of obesity, particularly as it relates to hypertension and hypercholesterolemia. In this regard, we aim to suggest a novel perspective; specifically, that impaired neutrophil shear sensitivity precedes a chronic inflammatory state and serves as a putative source of obesity-related pathobiology.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA

    Michael L. Akenhead, Xiaoyan Zhang & Hainsworth Y. Shin

  2. Mechanical Engineering, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA

    Xiaoyan Zhang

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    Amit Gefen

  2. Dept. of Cell and Developmental Biology Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, Israel

    Dafna Benayahu

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Akenhead, M.L., Zhang, X., Shin, H.Y. (2014). Impaired Neutrophil Mechanoregulation by Fluid Flow: A Potential Contributing Factor for Microvascular Dysfunction in Obesity. In: Gefen, A., Benayahu, D. (eds) The Mechanobiology of Obesity and Related Diseases. Studies in Mechanobiology, Tissue Engineering and Biomaterials, vol 16. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/8415_2014_177

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