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Understanding Hypoxic Environments: Biomaterials Approaches to Neural Stabilization and Regeneration after Ischemia

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Book cover Biomaterials as Stem Cell Niche

Part of the book series: Studies in Mechanobiology, Tissue Engineering and Biomaterials ((SMTEB,volume 2))

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Abstract

Hypoxic/ischemic brain damage results in permanent neurological dysfunction. Though currently there are no effective treatments for this condition, exciting advances in neural stem/progenitor cell (NSPC) biology promise cellular based therapeutics. Major strategies seek to transplant exogenous NSPCs or recruit endogenous NSPCs in order to protect injured neurons or replace the function of lost neurons, but current methods are hindered by poor regulation of NSPC survival, proliferation, migration and integration into the existing environment. This chapter provides a review of the biology including response to hypoxia and current methods to manipulate NSPCs in vitro. We highlight recent applications of utilizing biomaterials to control NSPC response. Despite advanced technologies to synthesize and probe biomaterial systems, many efforts provide incremental improvement compared to transplants of simply NSPCs alone. We challenge the biomaterials community to view the NSPC as a component of the biomaterial and define the biological response of the NSPC within the environment, whether natural, man-made, or a hybrid of each. Accordingly, interactive collaboration among engineers, neurobiologists and clinical neurologists will lead to breakthroughs in basic science and advance biomaterials technology to achieve commercial and therapeutic solutions for human disease.

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Acknowledgments

We gratefully acknowledge funding from NIH-NINDS (R01 NS065205; JBL), the Henry Luce Foundation (JBL), the Maryland Stem Cell Research Fund (EMP), March of Dimes Basil O’Connor Starter Scholar Award (EMP) and NIH-NIDA (R01 MH018826; EMP).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Chemical & Biochemical Engineering, UMBC, 1000 Hilltop Circle, Baltimore, MD, 21250, USA

    Jennie B. Leach

  2. Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, HSF II S251, 20 Penn Street, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA

    Elizabeth M. Powell

  3. Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, Baltimore, USA

    Elizabeth M. Powell

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  1. Jennie B. Leach
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  2. Elizabeth M. Powell
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Correspondence to Jennie B. Leach .

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  1. Cockrell School of Engineering, Dept. Biomedical Engineering, University of Texas, Austin, University Station 1, Austin, 78712, Texas, USA

    Krishnendu Roy

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Leach, J.B., Powell, E.M. (2010). Understanding Hypoxic Environments: Biomaterials Approaches to Neural Stabilization and Regeneration after Ischemia. In: Roy, K. (eds) Biomaterials as Stem Cell Niche. Studies in Mechanobiology, Tissue Engineering and Biomaterials, vol 2. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/8415_2010_11

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/8415_2010_11

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