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Structural Aspects of Carbohydrate Recognition Mechanisms of C-Type Lectins

Chapter
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Part of the Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology book series (CT MICROBIOLOGY, volume 429)

Abstract

Carbohydrate recognition is an essential function occurring in all living organisms. Lectins are carbohydrate-binding proteins and are classified into several families. In mammals, Ca2+-dependent C-type lectins, such as β-galactoside-binding galectin and sialic acid-binding siglec, play crucial roles in the immune response and homeostasis. C-type lectins are abundant and diverse in animals. Their immunological activities include lymphocyte homing, pathogen recognition, and clearance of apoptotic bodies. C-type lectin domains are composed of 110–130 amino acid residues with highly conserved structural folds. Remarkably, individual lectins can accept a wide variety of sugar ligands and can distinguish subtle structural differences in closely related ligands. In addition, several C-type lectin-like proteins specifically bind to carbohydrate ligands in Ca2+-independent ways. The accumulated 3D structural evidence clarifies the unexpected structural versatility of C-type lectins underlying the variety of ligand binding modes. In this issue, we focus on the structural aspects of carbohydrate recognition mechanisms of C-type lectins and C-type lectin-like proteins.

Keywords

C-type lectin Carbohydrate recognition 3D structure EPN and QPD motifs 
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© Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2019

Authors and Affiliations

  1. 1.Department of Pharmaceutical SciencesThe University of TokyoTokyoJapan
  2. 2.Faculty of Pharmaceutical SciencesTohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical UniversityMiyagiJapan

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