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Natural Killer Cells pp 63–93Cite as

Diversification and Functional Specialization of Human NK Cell Subsets

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Part of the book series: Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology ((CT MICROBIOLOGY,volume 395))

Abstract

Natural killer (NK) cells are lymphocytes that participate in different facets of immunity. They can act as innate sentinels through recognition and eradication of infected or transformed target cells, so-called immunosurveillance. In addition, they can contain immune responses through the killing of other activated immune cells, so-called immunoregulation. Furthermore, they instruct and regulate immune responses by producing pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IFN-γ, either upon direct target cell recognition or by relaying cytokine cues from various cell types. Recent studies in mouse and man have uncovered infection-associated expansions of NK cell subsets with specific receptor repertoires and diverse patterns of intracellular signaling molecule expression. Moreover, distinct attributes of NK cells in tissues, including tissue-resident subsets, are being further elucidated. Findings support an emerging theme of ever-increasing diversification and functional specialization among different NK cell subsets, with a functional dichotomy between subsets involved in immunoregulation or immunosurveillance. The epigenetic landscapes and transcriptional profiles of different NK cell subsets are providing insights into the molecular regulation of effector functions. Here, we review phenotypic, functional, and developmental characteristics of a spectrum of human NK cell subsets. We also discuss the molecular underpinnings of different NK cell subsets and their potential contributions to immunity as well as disease susceptibility.

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Acknowledgements

F.C. is an Amy Strelzer Manasevit Research Program Scholar and is supported by a National Marrow Donor Program Award (CON000000052310). Y.T.B. is supported by the European Research Council under the European Union’s Seventh Framework Programme (FP/2007-2013)/ERC Grant Agreement No. 311335, Swedish Research Council, Norwegian Research Council, Swedish Foundation for Strategic Research, Wallenberg Foundation, Swedish Cancer Foundation, Swedish Childhood Cancer Foundation, Stockholm County Council (ALF project), and Histiocytosis Society.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, 14186, Stockholm, Sweden

    Frank Cichocki, Heinrich Schlums, Jakob Theorell, Bianca Tesi, Hans-Gustaf Ljunggren & Yenan T. Bryceson

  2. Division of Hematology, Oncology and Transplantation, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA

    Frank Cichocki & Jeffrey S. Miller

  3. Broegelmann Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical Sciences, University of Bergen, 5021, Bergen, Norway

    Yenan T. Bryceson

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  6. Hans-Gustaf Ljunggren
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  7. Yenan T. Bryceson
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Correspondence to Yenan T. Bryceson .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Marseille, Marseille 05, France and Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Aix Marseille Université - INSERM - CNRS, Marseille 09, France

    Eric Vivier

  2. INSERM U 668, Pasteur Institute, Paris, Paris, France

    James Di Santo

  3. University of Genoa, Genova, Italy

    Alessandro Moretta

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© 2015 Springer International Publishing Switzerland

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Cichocki, F. et al. (2015). Diversification and Functional Specialization of Human NK Cell Subsets. In: Vivier, E., Di Santo, J., Moretta, A. (eds) Natural Killer Cells. Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology, vol 395. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/82_2015_487

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