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Live Attenuated Influenza Vaccine

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Part of the Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology book series (CT MICROBIOLOGY, volume 386)

Abstract

Cold-adapted Ann Arbor based live attenuated influenza vaccine (LAIV) has been available in the USA since 2003. The vaccine is efficacious against influenza infection. Features of LAIV include: easy administration suitable for mass immunization, cross-reactivity to drifted strains for broader coverage, and establishment of herd immunity for control of influenza spread. Annual seasonal LAIV now contains four strains against influenza A H1N1, H3N2, influenza B-Victoria, and B-Yamagata lineages that are co-circulating in humans. LAIV played a significant role in protecting the public from the 2009 H1N1 pandemic and has been evaluated for pandemic preparedness. Pandemic vaccines including influenza H2, H5, H6, H7, and H9 subtypes have been produced and evaluated in preclinical and small-scale phase I clinical studies. This review summarizes the current status and perspectives of seasonal and pandemic LAIV.

Keywords

Influenza Virus Vaccine Virus Influenza Vaccine Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Live Attenuate Influenza Vaccine 
These keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.

Abbreviations

LAIV

Live attenuated influenza vaccine

T/LAIV

Trivalent live attenuated influenza vaccine

Q/LAIV

Quadrivalent live attenuated influenza vaccine

pLAIV

Pandemic live attenuated influenza vaccine

TIV

Trivalent inactivated influenza vaccine

IIV

Inactivated influenza vaccine

MDV-A

Master donor virus for influenza A vaccines

MDV-B

Master donor virus for influenza B vaccines

ca

Cold adapted

ts

Temperature sensitive

att

Attenuated

wt

Wild-type

RG

Reverse genetics

PCKC

Primary chicken kidney cells

NT

Nasal turbinates

HAI

Hemagglutination inhibition

NW

Nasal wash

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Notes

Acknowledgments

The seasonal influenza vaccine seed development program was conducted by the strain variant team of MedImmune at California. The pandemic vaccine program was conducted under a Cooperative Research and Development Agreement between MedImmune and NIH and was supported in part by the Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH. We thank Dr. Zhongying Chen for providing data for Fig. 2 and Drs. Raburn Mallory and Kathy Coelingh for suggestions and comments.

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© Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2014

Authors and Affiliations

  1. 1.MedImmune LLCMountain ViewUSA
  2. 2.Laboratory Infectious DiseasesNIAID, NIHBethesdaUSA

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