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Design of Alternative Live Attenuated Influenza Virus Vaccines

Chapter
First Online:
Part of the Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology book series (CT MICROBIOLOGY, volume 386)

Abstract

Each year due to the ever-evolving nature of influenza, new influenza vaccines must be produced to provide protection against the influenza viruses in circulation. Currently, there are two mainstream strategies to generate seasonal influenza vaccines: inactivated and live-attenuated. Inactivated vaccines are non-replicating forms of whole influenza virus, while live-attenuated vaccines are viruses modified to be replication impaired. Although it is widely believed that by inducing both mucosal and humoral immune responses the live-attenuated vaccine provides better protection than that of the inactivated vaccine, there are large populations of individuals who cannot safely receive the LAIV vaccine. Thus, safer LAIV vaccines are needed to provide adequate protection to these populations. Improvement is also needed in the area of vaccine production. Current strategies relying on traditional tissue culture-based and egg-based methods are slow and delay production time. This chapter describes experimental vaccine generation and production strategies that address the deficiencies in current methods for potential human and agricultural use.

Keywords

Influenza Virus Influenza Vaccine Newcastle Disease Virus MDCK Cell Internal Ribosome Entry Site 
These keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.

Abbreviations

EID50

Egg Infectious Dose 50

IRES

Internal Ribosome Entry Site

KO

Knockout

LAIV

Live-attenuated influenza vaccine

MDCK

Madin-Darby Canine Kindey Cell

MLD50

Mouse Lethal Dose 50

nts

Nucleotides

Pfu

Plaque Forming Units

PSI

Packaging Signal

UTR

Untranslated Region

RG

Reverse Genetics

RISC

RNA-induced Silencing Complex

WT

Wild-Type

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© Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2014

Authors and Affiliations

  1. 1.Department of Veterinary MedicineCollege Park and Virginia-Maryland Regional College of Veterinary Medicine, University of MarylandCollege ParkUSA

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