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One Health: The Human-Animal-Environment Interfaces in Emerging Infectious Diseases pp 249–268Cite as

Cost Estimate of Bovine Tuberculosis to Ethiopia

Part of the Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology book series (CT MICROBIOLOGY,volume 365)

Abstract

While bovine tuberculosis (BTB) has been eliminated in some industrialized countries, it prevails worldwide, particularly in Africa. In Ethiopia, BTB is prevalent as numerous studies have shown its occurrence in livestock and in abattoirs but it has not been demonstrated in wildlife and only very few cases have been found in humans. The objective of this study is to estimate the cost of BTB to Ethiopia with the aim of informing Ethiopian policy on options for BTB control. BTB in livestock affects both animal productivity and herd demographic composition. The Livestock Development Planning System (LDPS2, FAO) was modified to allow for stochastic simulation of parameters. We performed an incremental cost of disease analysis, comparing livestock production with and without BTB. For the rural scenario we considered an endemically stable 4 % comparative intradermal test (CIDT) prevalence and for the urban scenario an endemically stable 32 % CIDT prevalence among cattle. The net present value of rural Ethiopian livestock products in 2005 is estimated at 65.7 billion (thousand million) Ethiopian Birr (95 % Confidence Interval (CI) 53.8–77.7 billion Birr), which is the equivalent of 7.5 billion US$ (95 %CI 6.1–8.9 billion US$) at a rate of 8.7 Birr per US$ in 2005. The cost of BTB ranges from 646 million Birr (75.2 million US$) in 2005 to 3.1 Billion Birr in 2011 (358 million US$) but is within the range of uncertainty of our estimate and can thus not be distinguished from zero. The cost of disease in the urban livestock production ranges from 5 to 42 million Birr (500,000–4.9 million US$) between 2005 and 2011 but is also within the range of uncertainty of our estimate. Our study shows no measurable loss in asset value or cost of disease due to BTB in rural and urban production systems in Ethiopia. This does not mean that there is not a real cost of disease, but the variability of the productivity parameters and prices are high and would require more precise estimates. This study does not preclude in any way the urgent need to control BTB in the urban dairy herd of Addis Ababa for other than financial reasons.

Keywords

  • Livestock Production
  • Carcass Weight
  • Rift Valley Fever
  • Bovine Tuberculosis
  • Positive Animal

These keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.

An erratum to this chapter is available at 10.1007/82_2013_318.

An erratum to this chapter can be found at http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/82_2013_318

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Acknowledgments

This work was supported by the Wellcome Trust, NCCR North–South and EU FP7 Integrated Control of Zoonnotic Diseases in Africa (ICONZ). We thank the SSMBS and the SNF for its financial support of Rea Tschopp.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, CH-4002, Basel, Switzerland

    Rea Tschopp, Jan Hattendorf, Felix Roth & Jakob Zinsstag

  2. Armauer Hansen Research Institute, 1005, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

    Rea Tschopp & Abraham Aseffa

  3. University of Queensland School of Public Health, Brisbane, QLD, Australia

    Adnan Choudhoury

  4. AP Consultants, 22 Walworth Enterprise Centre, SP10 5AP, Andover, UK

    Alexandra Shaw

  5. Centre for Molecular Microbiology and Infection, Imperial College London, London, UK

    Rea Tschopp

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  1. Rea Tschopp
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  2. Jan Hattendorf
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  6. Abraham Aseffa
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  7. Jakob Zinsstag
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Correspondence to Jakob Zinsstag .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, Perth, West Australia, Australia

    John S. Mackenzie

  2. Livestock Industries, CSIRO Australian Animal Health Laborator, East Geelong, Victoria, Australia

    Martyn Jeggo

  3. EcoHealth Alliance, New York, New York, USA

    Peter Daszak

  4. Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology Departm, Kansas State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Manhattan, Kansas, USA

    Juergen A. Richt

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Tschopp, R. et al. (2012). Cost Estimate of Bovine Tuberculosis to Ethiopia. In: Mackenzie, J., Jeggo, M., Daszak, P., Richt, J. (eds) One Health: The Human-Animal-Environment Interfaces in Emerging Infectious Diseases. Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology, vol 365. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/82_2012_245

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