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Adenosine Deaminases Acting on RNA (ADARs) and A-to-I Editing pp 91–109Cite as

Modulation of MicroRNA Expression and Function by ADARs

Part of the Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology book series (CT MICROBIOLOGY,volume 353)

Abstract

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs that regulate gene expression by preventing the translation of specific messenger RNAs. Adenosine deaminases acting on RNAs (ADARs) catalyze adenosine-to-inosine (A-to-I) RNA editing, the conversion of adenosines into inosines, in double-stranded RNAs. Because inosine preferentially base pairs with cytidine, this conversion is equivalent to an adenosine to guanosine change. Over the past seven years, an increasing number of edited adenosines have been identified in miRNAs. Editing of miRNAs affects their biogenesis, causes their degradation or alters the set of messenger RNAs that they regulate. Recently, ADARs have been shown to also affect the miRNA phenomenon by sequestering miRNAs or by editing the messenger RNAs they regulate. This article reviews the recent attempts to identify miRNA editing sites and elucidate the effects of ADARs on miRNA expression and function.

Keywords

  • Mature miRNAs
  • Editing Site
  • Seed Sequence
  • Guide Strand
  • Dicer Cleavage

These keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.

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Abbreviations

A:

Adenosine

I:

Inosine

G:

Guanosine

U:

Uridine

C:

Cytidine

UTR:

Untranslated region

dsRNA:

Double-stranded RNA

ADAR:

Adenosine deaminase acting on RNA

miRNA:

MicroRNA

pri-miRNA:

Primary miRNA

pre-miRNA:

Precursor miRNA

mRNA:

Messenger RNA

pre-mRNA:

Precursor messenger RNA

siRNA:

Small interfering RNA

cDNA:

Complementary DNA

Tudor-SN:

Tudor staphylococcal nuclease

EBV:

Epstein-Barr virus

DFFA:

DNA fragmentation factor alpha

PRPS1:

Phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate synthetase 1

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. The Wistar Institute, 3601 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA

    Bjorn-Erik Wulff & Kazuko Nishikura

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  1. Bjorn-Erik Wulff
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  2. Kazuko Nishikura
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Correspondence to Bjorn-Erik Wulff .

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  1. , Dept. of Molecular, Cellular and Develop, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, 93106, California, USA

    Charles E. Samuel

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Wulff, BE., Nishikura, K. (2011). Modulation of MicroRNA Expression and Function by ADARs. In: Samuel, C. (eds) Adenosine Deaminases Acting on RNA (ADARs) and A-to-I Editing. Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology, vol 353. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/82_2011_151

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