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NF-κB and Innate Immunity

Chapter
First Online:
Part of the Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology book series (CT MICROBIOLOGY, volume 349)

Abstract

Members of the NF-κB transcription factor family play a critical role in the development of innate immunity. Upon recognition of pathogen infections or tissue damage, the NF-κB pathway is strongly activated by cellular pattern recognition receptors, including Toll-like receptors and multiple cytosolic receptors such as RIG-I-like helicases and NOD family proteins. NF-κB is required not only for the expression, but also for subsequent signal transduction of numerous downstream cytokines. NF-κB-responsive genes affect a diverse array of cellular processes including apoptosis and cell survival, and often directly control the course of a pathogen infection. In this review, we will examine signaling pathways leading to NF-κB activation during the innate immune response and mechanisms of pathogen-modulation of these pathways; the specifics of NF-κB-dependent gene programs, and the physiological consequences for the immune system caused by the absence of individual NF-κB subunits.

Keywords

Long Terminal Repeat Newcastle Disease Virus Primary Response Gene Innate Host Defense Secondary Response Gene 
These keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.

Abbreviations

PRR

Pattern recognition receptor

PAMP

Pathogen associated molecular pattern

TLR

Toll-like receptor

RLR

RIG-I-like receptor

NLR

NOD-like receptor

IFN

Interferon

IFNAR

Interferon α/β receptor

NF-κB

Nuclear factor-kappaB

LPS

Lipopolysaccharide

TIR

Toll/IL-1R

TRIF

TIR domain-containing adaptor gene inducing IFN-β

MyD88

Myeloid differentiation primary response gene 88

MAPK

Mitogen activated protein kinase

TNF

Tumor necrosis factor

TRAF

TNF receptor-associated factor

TIRAP

TIR-domain containing adaptor protein

IRAK

IL-1 receptor associated kinase

TAK1

Transforming growth factor-activated protein kinase 1

IKK

ikappaB kinase

IRF

Interferon regulatory factor

Poly(I:C)

Polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid

RIP

Receptor interacting protein

RHIM

RIP homotypic interaction motif

IL

Interleukin

TANK

TRAF-family member-associated NF-κB activator

TBK1

TANK-binding kinase-1

VSV

Vesicular stomatitis virus

ISRE

Interferon stimulated response element

RIG-I

Retinoic acid inducible gene-I

pDC

Plasmacytoid dendritic cell

NIK

NF-κB inducing kinase

PI-3K

Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase

NDV

Newcastle disease virus

CARD

Caspase recruitment domain

Mda5

Melanoma differentiation-associated gene 5

FADD

Fas-associated protein with death domain

DAI

DNA-dependent activator of IFN-regulatory factors

ZBP-1

Z-DNA binding protein-1

NOD

Nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain

HIV-1

Human immunodeficiency virus-1

LTR

Long terminal repeat

HSV-1

Herpes simplex virus-1

ASFV

African swine flu virus

Th1

Type I helper T cell

PRD

Positive regulatory domain

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© Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2010

Authors and Affiliations

  1. 1.Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Molecular GeneticsUniversity of California Los AngelesLos AngelesUSA

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