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New Discoveries in the Behavioral Neuroscience of Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder pp 483–501Cite as

Promising Developments in the Use of Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells in Research of ADHD

Part of the Current Topics in Behavioral Neurosciences book series (CTBN,volume 57)

Abstract

Although research using animal models, peripheral and clinical biomarkers, multimodal neuroimaging techniques and (epi)genetic information has advanced our understanding of Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), the aetiopathology of this neurodevelopmental disorder has still not been elucidated. Moreover, as the primary affected tissue is the brain, access to samples is problematic. Alternative models are therefore required, facilitating cellular and molecular analysis. Recent developments in stem cell research have introduced the possibility to reprogram somatic cells from patients, in this case ADHD, and healthy controls back into their pluripotent state, meaning that they can then be differentiated into any cell or tissue type. The potential to translate patients’ somatic cells into stem cells, and thereafter to use 2- and 3-dimensional (2D and 3D) neuronal cells to model neurodevelopmental disorders and/or test novel drug therapeutics, is discussed in this chapter.

Keywords

  • Attention-deficit disorder (ADD)
  • Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)
  • Cell models
  • Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC)
  • Neuronal cells
  • Personalized modelling

Cristine Marie Yde Ohki, Rhiannon V. McNeill, Sarah Kittel-Schneider, and Edna Grünblatt shared first and last authorship.

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Abbreviations

ADD:

Attention-deficit disorder

ADHD:

Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder

ASD:

Autism spectrum disorder

ATP:

Adenosine triphosphate

BDNF:

Brain-derived neurotrophic factor

CRISPR-cas9:

Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats-D/CRISPR-associated protein 9

CSF:

Cerebrospinal fluid

CNS:

Central nervous system

CNV:

Copy number variants

2D /3D:

Two/three dimension(al)

DNA:

Deoxyribonucleic acid

ESC:

Embryonic stem cell

fMRI:

Functional magnetic resonance imaging

GLUT3:

Glucose transporter-3 (SCL2A3)

GSK3-β:

Glycogen synthase kinase 3-β

GWAS:

Genome-wide association study (studies)

iPSC:

Induced pluripotent stem cell

MRI:

Magnetic resonance imaging

mRNA:

Messenger RNA

PRS:

Polygenic risk score(s)

SNP:

Single nucleotide polymorphism

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Psychiatric University Hospital Zurich (PUK), University of Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland

    Cristine Marie Yde Ohki & Edna Grünblatt

  2. Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany

    Rhiannon V. McNeill, Matthias Nieberler & Sarah Kittel-Schneider

  3. Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Wuerzburg, Würzburg, Germany

    Franziska Radtke

  4. Neuroscience Center Zurich, University of Zurich and the ETH Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland

    Edna Grünblatt

  5. Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology, University of Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland

    Edna Grünblatt

Authors
  1. Cristine Marie Yde Ohki
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  2. Rhiannon V. McNeill
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  3. Matthias Nieberler
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  4. Franziska Radtke
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  5. Sarah Kittel-Schneider
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  6. Edna Grünblatt
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Edna Grünblatt .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Division of Biosciences, University College London, London, UK

    Prof. S Clare Stanford

  2. School of Psychology, Deakin University, Burwood, Australia

    Assoc. Prof. Emma Sciberras

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Yde Ohki, C.M., McNeill, R.V., Nieberler, M., Radtke, F., Kittel-Schneider, S., Grünblatt, E. (2022). Promising Developments in the Use of Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells in Research of ADHD. In: Stanford, S.C., Sciberras, E. (eds) New Discoveries in the Behavioral Neuroscience of Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder. Current Topics in Behavioral Neurosciences, vol 57. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/7854_2022_346

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