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Recent Developments in the Habit Hypothesis of OCD and Compulsive Disorders

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The Neurobiology and Treatment of OCD: Accelerating Progress

Part of the book series: Current Topics in Behavioral Neurosciences ((CTBN,volume 49))

Abstract

This chapter aims to familiarise the reader with a diverse and fast-growing literature concerning the role that habits play in obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). Core concepts will be introduced, including how the balance between habits and a more deliberate form of action selection (goal-directed control) has traditionally been measured and how cross-species translation, neuroscience tools, and computational modelling have been used to build on these basic principles and reveal core mechanisms under study today. Next, the application of these methods to the study of OCD and related disorders will be detailed, converging on a theory that enhanced habit expression, and indeed compulsions in OCD, might arise from deficits in goal-directed control systems. These basic findings will be contextualised in terms of major tide changes in the field, including the shift from categorical disease frameworks to dimensional ones. Mechanistically, recent research concerning how goal-directed deficits arise, perhaps through failures in the construction of a mental model, are discussed along with studies critically evaluating our ability to measure habits in humans, in a laboratory setting. The chapter ends with a nod to the future, focusing on the need for clinically oriented, longitudinal, and intervention-based research that aim to translate what is now a wealth of cross-sectional mechanistic insights to the clinic.

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  1. School of Psychology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland

    Claire M. Gillan

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  1. Claire M. Gillan
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Correspondence to Claire M. Gillan .

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  1. Centre for Health Services and Clinical Research, School of Life and Medical Sciences, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield, Hertfordshire, UK

    Naomi A. Fineberg

  2. Department of Psychology and Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK

    Trevor W. Robbins

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Gillan, C.M. (2021). Recent Developments in the Habit Hypothesis of OCD and Compulsive Disorders. In: Fineberg, N.A., Robbins, T.W. (eds) The Neurobiology and Treatment of OCD: Accelerating Progress. Current Topics in Behavioral Neurosciences, vol 49. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/7854_2020_199

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