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The Representational Basis of Working Memory

  • Chapter
Behavioral Neuroscience of Learning and Memory

Part of the book series: Current Topics in Behavioral Neurosciences ((CTBN,volume 37))

Abstract

Working memory refers to a system involved in the online maintenance and manipulation of information in the absence of external input. Due to the importance of working memory in higher-level cognition, a wealth of neuroscience studies has investigated its neural basis. These studies have often led to conflicting viewpoints regarding the importance of the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and posterior sensory cortices. Here, we review evidence for each position. We suggest that the relative contributions of the PFC and sensory cortices to working memory can be understood with respect to processing demands. We argue that procedures that minimize processing demands lead to increased importance of sensory representations, while procedures that permit transformational processing lead to representational abstraction that relies on the PFC. We suggest that abstract PFC representations support top-down control over posterior representations while also providing bottom-up inputs into higher-level cognitive processing. Although a number of contemporary studies have studied working memory while using procedures that minimize the role of the PFC, we argue that consideration of the PFC is critical for our understanding of working memory and higher-level cognition more generally.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Psychology, Florida State University, 1107 W Call St, Tallahassee, FL, 32306-4301, USA

    Derek Evan Nee

  2. Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute and Department of Psychology, University of California, 132 Barker Hall, Berkeley, CA, 94720-3190, USA

    Mark D’Esposito

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  1. Derek Evan Nee
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Correspondence to Derek Evan Nee .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. University of California San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, USA

    Robert E. Clark

  2. VA Medical Center, San Diego, USA

    Robert E. Clark

  3. Medical Research Institute, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee, UK

    Stephen J. Martin

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Nee, D.E., D’Esposito, M. (2016). The Representational Basis of Working Memory. In: Clark, R.E., Martin, S. (eds) Behavioral Neuroscience of Learning and Memory. Current Topics in Behavioral Neurosciences, vol 37. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/7854_2016_456

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