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Inflammation-Associated Depression: Evidence, Mechanisms and Implications pp 3–30Cite as

Evidence for Inflammation-Associated Depression

Part of the Current Topics in Behavioral Neurosciences book series (CTBN,volume 31)

Abstract

This chapter explores the evidence supporting inflammation-associated depression. Data to date suggest a bidirectional relationship between inflammation and depression wherein one process can drive the other. A wealth of animal and clinical studies have demonstrated an association between concentrations of pro-inflammatory cytokines – specifically interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor-α – and depressive symptoms. There is also evidence that this pro-inflammatory state is accompanied by aberrant inflammation-related processes including platelet activation factor hyperactivity, oxidative and nitrosative stress, and damage to mitochondria. These complex and interrelated mechanisms can collectively contribute to negative neurobiological outcomes that may, in part, underlie the etiopathology of depression. Mounting evidence has shown a concomitant reduction in both depressive symptoms and pro-inflammatory cytokine concentrations following treatment with pharmacological anti-inflammatory interventions. Taken together, the reviewed preclinical and clinical findings may suggest the existence of a distinct inflammatory subtype of depression in which these patients exhibit unique biochemical and clinical features and may potentially experience improved clinical outcomes with inflammation-targeted pharmacotherapy.

Keywords

  • Cell-mediated immune activation
  • Cytokines
  • Inflammation
  • Major depressive disorder
  • Mitochondrial dysfunction
  • Oxidative and nitrosative stress
  • Platelet activating factors

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada

    Celina S. Liu, Alexander Adibfar & Krista L. Lanctôt

  2. Neuropsychopharmacology Research Group, Hurvitz Brain Sciences Program Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada

    Celina S. Liu, Alexander Adibfar, Nathan Herrmann, Damien Gallagher & Krista L. Lanctôt

  3. Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada

    Nathan Herrmann, Damien Gallagher & Krista L. Lanctôt

  4. Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, 2075 Bayview Ave., Room FG 08, Toronto, ON, Canada, M4N 3M5

    Krista L. Lanctôt

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  1. Celina S. Liu
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  2. Alexander Adibfar
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  3. Nathan Herrmann
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  4. Damien Gallagher
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  5. Krista L. Lanctôt
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Correspondence to Krista L. Lanctôt .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Symptom Research, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA

    Robert Dantzer

  2. Nutrition and Integrative Neurobiology, INRA, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France

    Lucile Capuron

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Liu, C.S., Adibfar, A., Herrmann, N., Gallagher, D., Lanctôt, K.L. (2016). Evidence for Inflammation-Associated Depression. In: Dantzer, R., Capuron, L. (eds) Inflammation-Associated Depression: Evidence, Mechanisms and Implications. Current Topics in Behavioral Neurosciences, vol 31. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/7854_2016_2

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