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Food and Drug Reward: Overlapping Circuits in Human Obesity and Addiction

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Brain Imaging in Behavioral Neuroscience

Part of the book series: Current Topics in Behavioral Neurosciences ((CTBN,volume 11))

Abstract

Both drug addiction and obesity can be defined as disorders in which the saliency value of one type of reward (drugs and food, respectively) becomes abnormally enhanced relative to, and at the expense of others. This model is consistent with the fact that both drugs and food have powerful reinforcing effects—partly mediated by dopamine increases in the limbic system—that, under certain circumstances or in vulnerable individuals, could overwhelm the brain’s homeostatic control mechanisms. Such parallels have generated significant interest in understanding the shared vulnerabilities and trajectories between addiction and obesity. Now, brain imaging discoveries have started to uncover common features between these two conditions and to delineate some of the overlapping brain circuits whose dysfunctions may explain stereotypic and related behavioral deficits in human subjects. These results suggest that both obese and drug-addicted individuals suffer from impairments in dopaminergic pathways that regulate neuronal systems associated not only with reward sensitivity and incentive motivation, but also with conditioning (memory/learning), impulse control (behavioural inhibition), stress reactivity, and interoceptive awareness. Here, we integrate findings predominantly derived from positron emission tomography that shed light on the role of dopamine in drug addiction and in obesity, and propose an updated working model to help identify treatment strategies that may benefit both of these conditions.

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Acknowledgments

The authors would like to thank the support of the NIAAA intramural program of the National Institutes of Health.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. National Institute on Drug Abuse, 6001 Executive Boulevard 6001, Room 5274, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA

    N. D. Volkow

  2. Medical Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, 11973, USA

    G. J. Wang & J. S. Fowler

  3. National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA

    D. Tomasi

  4. National Institute on Drug Abuse, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA

    R. Baler

Authors
  1. N. D. Volkow
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  2. G. J. Wang
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  3. J. S. Fowler
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  4. D. Tomasi
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  5. R. Baler
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to N. D. Volkow .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. , UC Davis Imaging Center, University of California at Davis, X Street 4701, Sacramento, 95817, California, USA

    Cameron S. Carter

  2. , Dep of Experimental Psychology/Dep of Ps, University of Cambridge, Downing Site, Cambridge, CB2 3EB, United Kingdom

    Jeffrey W. Dalley

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© 2011 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

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Volkow, N.D., Wang, G.J., Fowler, J.S., Tomasi, D., Baler, R. (2011). Food and Drug Reward: Overlapping Circuits in Human Obesity and Addiction. In: Carter, C., Dalley, J. (eds) Brain Imaging in Behavioral Neuroscience. Current Topics in Behavioral Neurosciences, vol 11. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/7854_2011_169

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