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Behavioral Neuroscience of Drug Addiction pp 247–275Cite as

Imaging Cognitive Deficits in Drug Abuse

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Part of the book series: Current Topics in Behavioral Neurosciences ((CTBN,volume 3))

Abstract

The neuropsychological network is a complex structure. To identify processes location and network capacity the brain imaging techniques together and in combination with other neuropsychological techniques and the expanding of well elaborated designs provide us with a multidimensional understanding, and contributes to the understanding of each illicit drug’s character, which is of importance in designing of new treatment programs and clinical practice. Cannabis, MDMA, amphetamine, cocaine, and heroin abusers display both acute effects and chronic effects, deficits in attention, memory, and executive functioning. These deficits may last beyond the period of intoxication and cumulate with years of use. Cannabis users may recruit an alternative neural network as a compensatory mechanism during performance of tasks of attention. There is some evidence indicating the detrimental effects of cannabis on the maturing adolescent brain. Stimulant dependence is characterized by a distributed alteration of functional activation. Attenuated anterior and posterior cingulate activation, reduced inferior frontal and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex activation, and altered posterior parietal activation point towards an inadequate demand-specific processing of information. On an individual level they exhibit process-related brain activation differences that are consistent with a shift from context-specific, effortful processing to more stereotyped, habitual response generation. Finally, opiate use appears to decrease the ability to shift cognitive set and inhibit inappropriate response tendencies.

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Abbreviations

5-HT:

Serotonin

ACC:

Anterior cingulate cortex

ADHD:

Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

BOLD:

Blood-oxygen-level-dependent

BP:

Binding potential

CB1:

Cannabinoid receptor

CBF:

Cerebral blood flow

CBV:

Cerebral blood volume

DA:

Dopamine

DAT:

DA transporter

DLPFC:

Dorsolateral prefrontal cortex

ECF:

Executive cognitive functioning

ERP:

Event-related potential

fMRI:

Functional MRI

MDMA:

3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine, ecstasy

METH:

Methamphetamine

MRI:

Structural magnetic resonance imaging

MRS:

Magnetic resonance spectroscopy

OFC:

Orbitofrontal cortex

PET:

Positron emission tomography

PFC:

Prefrontal cortex

PVC:

Primary visual cortex

rCBF:

Regional cerebral blood flow

SPET:

Single photon emission tomography

SPECT:

Single photon emission computed tomography

SUR:

Specific uptake ratio

THC:

Delta-9-tetrahydroxycannabinol

VBM:

Voxel-based morphometry

WCST:

Wisconsin Card Sorting Test

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Acknowledgment

I would like to acknowledge Rolf Öhman, MD and Professor Emeritus, Lund University, Lund, Sweden for his thorough remarks on the manuscript.

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  1. Drug Addiction Treatment Centre, Lund University hospital, Lund, SE-22185, Sweden

    Thomas Lundqvist

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  1. Thomas Lundqvist
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Correspondence to Thomas Lundqvist .

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  1. Southwestern Medical Center, University of Texas, Harry Hines Blvd. 5323, Dallas, 75390-9070, U.S.A.

    David W. Self

  2. School of Medicine, Yale University, Campell Ave. 950, West Haven, 06516, U.S.A.

    Julie K. Staley Gottschalk

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Lundqvist, T. (2010). Imaging Cognitive Deficits in Drug Abuse. In: Self, D., Staley Gottschalk, J. (eds) Behavioral Neuroscience of Drug Addiction. Current Topics in Behavioral Neurosciences, vol 3. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/7854_2009_26

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