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Nature-Based Solutions for Flood Mitigation pp 79–137Cite as

Nature-Based Solutions Impact on Urban Environment Chemistry: Air, Soil, and Water

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Part of the book series: The Handbook of Environmental Chemistry ((HEC,volume 107))

Abstract

Urban areas are the largest source of pollutants that directly or indirectly will end up in the air, soil, and water. It is paramount to find solutions to reduce the impact of pollution on climate change, ecosystem services, biodiversity loss, and human health. Nature-based solutions (NBS) can mitigate the effects of anthropogenic activities significantly and act as a buffer to immobilize filtrate and uptake pollutants. There is a wide range of advantages of implementing NBS to reduce air, water, and soil pollution since they increase ecosystem services supply. This is key to make cities more liveable and sustainable, especially in areas where there are the largest agglomerations of people. This chapter will review the impacts of the air, soil, and water pollution on ecosystems, biodiversity, human health, and the NBS that can be used to minimize this.

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Notes

  1. 1.

    https://www.worldbank.org/en/topic/urbandevelopment/overview (Accessed 30-08-2020).

  2. 2.

    https://www.iucn.org/theme/ecosystem-management/our-work/iucn-global-standard-nature-based-solutions (Accessed 30-08-2020).

  3. 3.

    https://www.unenvironment.org/beatpollution/global-response-pollution (Accessed 30-08-2020).

  4. 4.

    https://climate.nasa.gov/news/2291/fourteen-years-of-carbon-monoxide-from-mopitt/ (Consulted in 15/10/2020).

  5. 5.

    https://www.epa.gov/air-trends/carbon-monoxide-trends (Consulted in 15/10/2020).

  6. 6.

    https://cait.wri.org/ (Consulted in 15/10/2020).

  7. 7.

    https://www.epa.gov/ghgemissions/overview-greenhouse-gases (Consulted in 15/10/2020).

  8. 8.

    https://www.eea.europa.eu/help/glossary/eper-chemicals-glossary/sulphur-oxides-sox (Consulted on 17/10/2020).

  9. 9.

    https://www.who.int/news/item/15-11-2019-what-are-health-consequences-of-air-pollution-on-populations (Consulted in 17/10/2020).

  10. 10.

    https://en.unesco.org/waterquality-iiwq/wq-challenge (Consulted in 25/10/2020).

  11. 11.

    https://land.copernicus.eu/pan-european/high-resolution-layers/imperviousness/status-maps/imperviousness-density-2018.

  12. 12.

    https://www.registrucentras.lt/.

  13. 13.

    https://www.un.org/waterforlifedecade/waterforlifevoices/groundwater.shtml (Assessed in 21-11-2020).

  14. 14.

    https://frtr.gov/matrix2/section4/4-35.html (Consulted in 10-12-2020).

  15. 15.

    http://www.cpeo.org/techtree/ttdescript/compost.htm (Accessed in 10-12-2020).

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Acknowledgments

Authors were partly funded by the Lithuanian National Ecosystem Services Assessment and Mapping (LINESAM) Project, which has received funding from the European Social Fund project LINESAM no. 09.3.3-LMTK- 712-01-0104, under a grant agreement with the Research Council of Lithuania (LMTLT).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Environmental Management Laboratory, Mykolas Romeris University, Vilnius, Lithuania

    Paulo Pereira, Miguel Inácio, Donalda Karnauskaitė, Katažyna Bogdzevič, Eduardo Gomes & Marius Kalinauskas

  2. Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies (ICRA), Barcelona, Spain

    Damia Barcelo

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  1. Paulo Pereira
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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Physical Geography and Bolin Centre for Climate Research, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden

    Carla S. S. Ferreira

  2. Department of Sustainable Development, Environmental Science and Engineering (SEED), KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden

    Zahra Kalantari

  3. School of Spatial Planning, Fachgebiet BBV, TU Dortmund University, Dortmund, Germany

    Thomas Hartmann

  4. Environmental Management Center, Mykolas Romeris University, Vilnius, Lithuania

    Paulo Pereira

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Pereira, P. et al. (2021). Nature-Based Solutions Impact on Urban Environment Chemistry: Air, Soil, and Water. In: Ferreira, C.S.S., Kalantari, Z., Hartmann, T., Pereira, P. (eds) Nature-Based Solutions for Flood Mitigation. The Handbook of Environmental Chemistry, vol 107. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/698_2021_760

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