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Impact of Plastic Pollution on Marine Life in the Mediterranean Sea

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Plastics in the Aquatic Environment - Part I

Part of the book series: The Handbook of Environmental Chemistry ((HEC,volume 111))

Abstract

Marine litter is an environmental problem of global concern with well-documented impacts on marine biodiversity and ecosystems. At a global scale, marine litter is mainly composed of plastic. Plastics can affect marine organisms mainly through ingestion and entanglement but also through the facilitation of transport of organisms via rafting or the provision of new habitats for colonization. Impacts vary according to the type and size of the plastics and can occur at different levels of biological organization in a wide variety of habitats. In this chapter, we reviewed and synthesized literature in order to describe the impact of litter on marine life in the Mediterranean sensitive ecosystem. The review focused on the following impact categories: ingestion, entanglement and other effects (e.g. colonization and rafting). In the Mediterranean, reports of ingestion were made for more than 49,454 individuals from 116 species, of which the taxonomic group with the greatest number of species impacted was Teleosts (~59%). Forty-four species were found entangled in marine litter (59% were invertebrates, mainly Cnidarians), of which the species with the highest number of entanglement records in the Mediterranean Sea was the loggerhead sea turtle (Caretta caretta). One hundred and seventy-eight taxa were found rafting on floating objects or using marine litter as a substratum, including Chromista and Bacteria. The most common phyla rafting on marine litter were Arthropods and Cnidarians.

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Notes

  1. 1.

    “A hungry seal raids a fishing net but suddenly finds itself ensnared. In its desperation, it bites and tears and struggles until the net is reduced to shreds. The harder it struggles to escape, the tighter the surviving rope and mesh entwines it. In the end it lies at the water’s surface, gasping, exhausted, the remnants of the net wound tight around its throat. The following morning, the unfortunate owner of the tattered nets set out from the little fishing village of Komi on Chios to bring in his night’s catch, only to discover the seal still struggling to liberate itself” [202].

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  1. Anastasopoulou Aikaterini and Fortibuoni Tomaso contributed equally.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Hellenic Centre for Marine Research, Institute of Marine Biological Resources and Inland Waters, Attica, Greece

    Aikaterini Anastasopoulou

  2. Italian National Institute for Environmental Protection and Research, Ozzano dell’Emilia, Italy

    Tomaso Fortibuoni

  3. National Institute of Oceanography and Applied Geophysics, Trieste, Italy

    Tomaso Fortibuoni

Authors
  1. Aikaterini Anastasopoulou
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  2. Tomaso Fortibuoni
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Correspondence to Aikaterini Anastasopoulou .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. German Federal Institute of Hydrology, Koblenz, Germany

    Friederike Stock

  2. German Federal Institute of Hydrology, Koblenz, Germany

    Georg Reifferscheid

  3. German Federal Institute of Hydrology, Koblenz, Germany

    Nicole Brennholt

  4. P.P. Shirshov Institute of Oceanology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia

    Evgeniia Kostianaia

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Anastasopoulou, A., Fortibuoni, T. (2019). Impact of Plastic Pollution on Marine Life in the Mediterranean Sea. In: Stock, F., Reifferscheid, G., Brennholt, N., Kostianaia, E. (eds) Plastics in the Aquatic Environment - Part I. The Handbook of Environmental Chemistry, vol 111. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/698_2019_421

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