Abstract
Sustainable agriculture is economically, environmentally, and technically viable. Sustainable agriculture has different practices than traditional. Policies should be designed and planned to serve the goals of sustainable agriculture. Policies have to consider the local Egyptian environment and properties. There is a need for a framework lead to create a national policy for sustainable agriculture. Sustainable agriculture planning should be in participatory way not in sectorial level. Farmers are essential in planning for sustainability as they are the source of the research and extension needs, and they are mainly concerned by implementing sustainable agriculture practices. Policies will be created depending on three main considerations acting sustainable agriculture elements that need to be integrated: reforming external institutions and professional approach, supporting local groups for community action, and supporting resource-conserving technologies and practices. There is a need for a framework of policies to attract investments to the agricultural sector. Application of these policies requires suitable implementation mechanisms and pack of laws and regulations. Promising impacts are expected to increase production and reach self-sufficiency from applying sustainable agriculture practices and supportive policies.
This chapter suggests 22 policies that are suitable for the Egyptian agricultural sector to support transition to sustainable agriculture and self-reliance. It is recommended to monitor and evaluate the impacts of such policies to clarify the needs of modifications or replanning.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Abbreviations
- ABE:
-
Agricultural Bank of Egypt
- GDP:
-
Gross domestic products
- IPM:
-
Integrated pest management
- IT:
-
Information technology
- L.E:
-
Egyptian pound = 0.06 United States Dollar
- MALR:
-
Egyptian Ministry of Agriculture and Land Reclamation
- NGOs:
-
Nongovernmental organizations
- NRA:
-
Nominal rate of assistance
- STDF:
-
Science and Technology Development Fund in Egypt
References
Thompson M, Trisoglio A (1993) Managing the unmanageable. Paper presented at 2nd Environmental Management of Enclosed Coastal Seas Conference, Baltimore Maryland. 10–13 November 1993
OECD (2016) Agricultural policy monitoring and evaluation 2016, OECD Publishing, Paris
Anderson K, Valenzuela E (2008) Estimates of global distortions to agricultural incentives, 1955 to 2007, World Bank, Washington, DC, October 2008
Dewbre D, Godoy C, Sorescu S (2011) Agricultural Progress and Poverty Reduction: Synthesis Report, OECD Food, Agriculture and Fisheries Papers, No. 49, OECD Publishing, Paris
Pretty JN (1999) Regenerating agriculture, policies and practice for sustainability and self-reliance. Earthscan, London, Sterrling, VA
Christiaensen L, Demery L (2007) Down to earth agriculture and poverty reduction in Africa, The World Bank Group
Ligon E, Sadoulet E (2008) Estimating the Effects of Aggregate Agricultural Growth on the Distribution of Expenditures, Background paper for the World Development Report 2008, World Bank
Holzman R, Jorgensen S (2001) Social risk management: a new conceptual framework for social protection, and beyond, International Tax and public Finance, No 8(4):529–556
Arab Republic of Egypt (2009) Ministry of Agriculture & Land Reclamation. Sustainable Agricultural Development Strategy towards 2030 (SADS). Agricultural Research & Development Council. Arab Republic of Egypt, Ministry of Agriculture & Land Reclamation. Oct. 2009
Loayza N, Raddatz N (2006) The composition of growth matters for poverty alleviation, WPS-4 077, The World Bank Group
World Bank (1996) World Bank Discussion Paper No. 309
Joly P, Colinet L, Gaunand A, Lemarie S, Matt M (2016) Agricultural research impact assessment: issues, methods and challenges, OECD Food, Agriculture and Fisheries Papers, No. 98, OECD Publishing
FAO (2009) FAO’s Information System on Water and Agriculture (online) http://www.fao.org/nr/water/aquastat/countries_regions/egypt/index.stm. Viewed 4th April 2014
Chaia A, Dalal A, Goland T, Gonzalez M, Morduch J, Schiff R (2009) Half the World is Unbanked. Financial Access Initiative Framing Note October 2009. http://2fwww.gsmworld.com/mobilefordevelopment/wp-content/uploads/2012/06/110109halfunbanked_0_4.pdf. Viewed at 8th September 2017
Asli, D, Leora K (2012) Measuring Financial Inclusion: The Global Fundex Database. Policy Research Working Paper; No. 6025. World Bank, Washington, DC. © World Bank
Cervantes-Godoy D, Kimura S, Antón J (2013) Smallholder Risk Management in Developing Countries. OECD Food, Agriculture and Fisheries Papers, No. 61, OECD Publishing, Paris
James L (1988) Principles of farm irrigation system design. Willey, New York
OECD (2013) Policy framework for investment in agriculture. OECD Publishing
Bunch R (1993) EPAGRI’s work in the state of Santa Catarina, Major New possibilities for resource-poor farmers. COSECHA, Tegucigalpa, Honduras, Brazil
Gupples P (1994) Farmer-driven research and the Project Agro-Forestier in Burkina Faso. In: Scoones I, Simpson J (eds) Beyond Farmer first. Intermediate Publications Ltd, London
Shah P (1994) A village managed extension systems in India: implications for policy and practice. In: Scoones I, Simpson J (eds) Beyond farmer first. IT, Publications, London
Krishna A (1994) Large-scale government programs: Watershed development in Rajasthan, India. Paper for IIED New Horizons conference, Bangalore, India, Nov 1994. IIED, London
SWCB (1994) The impact of the catchment approach to soil and water conservation: a study of six catchments in Western, Rift Valley and Central Provinces, Kenya. Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock Development and Marketing in Nairobi
DIOP A (1992) Farmer-extensionist-research partnerships: Rodale international’s experience. Paper for joined IIED/IDS, Beyond Farmer First: Rural People’s knowledge, Agricultural Research and Extension Practice. Conference, 27–29 October 1992
Rands B (1992) Experiences in soil conservation work amongst pastoral people in North Eastern Mali. In: Tato K, Hurni H (eds) Soil conservation for survival. Soil and Water Conservation Society, Ankeny, IA
UNDP (1992) The benefits diversity. An incentive toward sustainable agriculture. United Nations Development Program, New York
Devavaram J (1994) Paraikulum Watershed, Tamil Nadu. Case study for IIED collaborative research project New Horizons: the economic and environmental benefits of participatory watershed development. IIED, London
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2018 Springer International Publishing AG
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Elnemr, M. (2018). Policies That Work for Sustainable Agriculture in Egypt. In: Negm, A., Abu-hashim, M. (eds) Sustainability of Agricultural Environment in Egypt: Part II. The Handbook of Environmental Chemistry, vol 77. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/698_2017_158
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/698_2017_158
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-95356-4
Online ISBN: 978-3-319-95357-1
eBook Packages: Earth and Environmental ScienceEarth and Environmental Science (R0)