Abstract
Current ambient air quality monitoring is solely based on fixed monitoring sites, not always reflecting the exposure and effects on humans. This article reviews the current situation in Europe, the USA and Asia and discusses the main differences and similarities. Based on the analysis of the relation between monitoring techniques and strategies as well as the analysis of current trends and developments in monitoring strategies, new concepts and directions of future urban monitoring networks and strategies are presented and discussed.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Notes
References
US EPA (2009) Integrated science assessment for particulate matter (Final Report). http://cfpub.epa.gov/ncea/cfm/recordisplay.cfm?deid=216546
Johnson DW, Cresser MS, Nilsson SI, Turner J, Ulrich B, Binkley D, Cole DW (1991) Soil changes in forest ecosystems: evidence for and probable causes. Int J Biol Sci 97B:81–116
Kennedy IR (1992) Acid soil and acid rain, 2nd edn. Research Studies Press/Wiley, Taunton, Somerset, UK, 254 pages, ISBN 0 471 93404 6
Hessen DO, Henriksen A, Hindar A, Mulder J, Torseth K, Vagstad N (1997) Human impacts on the nitrogen cycle: a global problem judged from a local perspective. Ambio 26:321–325
Cowling JE, Roberts ME (1954) Paints, varnishes, enamels, and lacquers. In: Greathouse GA, Wessel CJ (eds) Deterioration of materials: causes and preventive techniques. Reinhold Publishing Corporation, New York, pp 596–645
IPCC (2007) In: Solomon S, Qin D, Qin D, Manning M, Chen Z, Marquis M, Averyt KB, Tignor M, Miller HL (eds) Contribution of Working Group I to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, p 996, http://www.ipcc.ch/publications_and_data/publications_ipcc_fourth_assessment_report_wg1_report_the_physical_science_basis.htm
Swap R, Garstang M, Greco S, Talbot R, Kallberg P (1992) Saharan dust in the Amazon Basin. Tellus 44B:133–149
EMEP. http://www.emep.int/
Bell ML, Bell ML, Davis DL, Fletcher T (2004) A retrospective assessment of mortality from the London smog episode of 1952: the role of influenza and pollution. Environ Health Perspect 112(1):6–8
Air-Quality (2011) http://www.air-quality.org.uk/02.php
Chen C-H, Liu W-L, Chen C-H (2006) Development of a multiple objective planning theory and system for sustainable air quality monitoring network. Sci Total Environ 354:1–19
US EPA, http://www.epa.gov/air/criteria.html, 2011 and reference methods for CO: 76 FR 54294, Aug 31, 2011, Lead: 73 FR 66964, Nov 12, 2008, NO2: 75 FR 6474, Feb 9, 2010, 61 FR 52852, Oct 8, 1996, O3: 73 FR 16436, Mar 27, 2008, PM: 71 FR 61144, Oct 17, 2006, SO2: 75 75 FR 35520, Jun 22, 2010
CFR 40 (2011) Part 58, Ambient Air Quality Surveillance, Appendix D. http://ecfr.gpoaccess.gov/cgi/t/text/text-idx?c=ecfr&sid=0228ef3a08fb2915366f10fa0123de5a&rgn=div9&view=text&node=40:5.0.1.1.6.7.1.3.37&idno=40
WAQL (Webpages Air Quality Legislation) (2011) Taiwan: http://law.epa.gov.tw/en/laws/atmosph/, India: http://envfor.nic.in/legis/air.htm, China: http://www.chinafaqs.org/library/chinas-new-regional-air-quality-regulation-translated, Clean Air Portal Asia: http://cleanairinitiative.org/portal/knowledgebase/policies
AQ Japan (2011) http://www.env.go.jp/en/air/aq/aq.html
JAPC, Japanese Air Pollution Control Law (2011) Latest amendment by law No. 32 of 1996, tentative translation. Japanese Ministry of the Environment. http://www.env.go.jp/en/laws/air/air/index.html
EC Directive 2008/50/EC, Official Journal of the European Union L 152/1 – L152/44, 2008
EC Directive 2004/107/EC, Official Journal of the European Union L 23/3 – 23/16, 2005
Hickman AJ, McCrae IS, Cloke J, Davies GJ (2002) Measurement of roadside air pollution dispersion. Project report PR SE/445/02 TRL Ltd, Crowthorne
Hitchins J, Morawska L, Wolff R, Gilbert D (2000) Concentrations of submicrometre particles from vehicle emissions near a major road. Atmos Environ 34:51–59
CAFE (2004) Second position paper on particulate matter, CAFE working group on particulate matter. http://ec.europa.eu/environment/archives/cafe/pdf/working_groups/2nd_position_paper_pm.pdf. 20 Dec 2004
Volz A, Kley D (1988) Evaluation of the Montsouris series of ozone measurements made in the 19th century. Nature 332:240–242
Spurny KR (1998) Methods of aerosol measurement before the1960s. Aerosol Sci Technol 29(4):329–349
Fontijn A, Sabadell AJ, Ronco RJ (1970) Homogeneous chemiluminescent measurement of nitric oxide with ozone. Anal Chem 42(6):575–579
Hansen ADA, Rosen H, Novakov T (1982) Real-time measurement of the absorption coefficient of aerosol particles. Appl Opt 21:3060–3062
Orsini DA, Ma Y, Sullivan A, Sierau B, Baumann K, Weber RJ (2003) Refinements to the Particle-Into-Liquid-Sampler (PILS) for ground and airborne measurements of water soluble, aerosol composition. Atmos Environ 37:1243–1259
Allen J, Gould RK (1981) Mass-spectrometric analyzer for individual aerosol-particles. Rev Sci Instrum 52(6):804–809
Sinha MP, Giffin CE, Norris DD, Estes TJ, Vilker VL, Friedlander SK (1982) Particle analysis by mass spectrometry. J Colloid Interface Sci 87:140–153
Park K, Cho G, Kwak J-h (2009) Development of an aerosol focusing-laser induced breakdown spectroscopy (aerosol focusing-LIBS) for determination of fine and ultrafine metal aerosols. Aerosol Sci Technol 43:375–386
Ng NL, Herndon SC, Trimborn A et al (2011) An Aerosol Chemical Speciation Monitor (ACSM) for routine monitoring of the composition and mass concentrations of ambient aerosol. Aerosol Sci Technol 45:780–794
Asbach C, Kaminski H, von Barany D, Kuhlbusch TAJ, Monz C, Dziurowitz N, Pelzer J, Vossen K, Berlin K, Diertrich S, Götz U, Kiesling H-J, Schierl R, Dahmann D (2012) Comparability of portable nanoparticle exposure monitors. Ann Occup Hyg 56(5):606–621
Paprotny I, Doering F, White RM (2010) MEMS particulate matter (PM) monitor for cellular deployment, Proc. IEEE Sensors 2010, pp 2435–2440
Hoek G, Boogard H, Knol A, de Hartog J et al (2010) Concentration response functions for ultrafine particles and all-cause mortality and hospital admissions: results of a European expert panel elicitation. Environ Sci Technol 44:476–482
Oberdörster G (2001) Pulmonary effects of inhaled ultrafine particles. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 74:1–8
Stoeger T, Reinhard C, Takenaka S, Schroeppel A, Karg E, Ritter B, Heyder J, Schulz H (2006) Instillation of six different ultrafine carbon particles indicates a surface area threshold dose for acute lung inflammation in mice. Environ Health Perspect 114:328–333
Beelen R, Hoek G, van den Brandt PA, Goldbohm RA et al (2008) Long-term effects of traffic-related air pollution on mortality in a Dutch cohort (NLCS-AIR Study). Environ Health Perspect 116(2):196–202
Mudway IS, Stenfors N, Duggan ST, Roxborough H, Zielinski H, Marklund SL, Blomberg A, Frew AJ, Sandstrom T, Kelly FJ (2004) An in vitro and in vivo investigation of the effects of diesel exhaust on human airway lining fluid antioxidants. Arch Biochem Biophys 423(1):200–212
Gu et al (2012) Selection of key ambient particulate variables for epidemiological studies — applying cluster and heatmap analyses as tools for data reduction. Sci Total Environ 435–436:541–550
Resch B, Britter R, Outram C, Xiaoji R, Ratti C (2011) Standardised geo-sensor webs for integrated urban air quality monitoring. In: Ekundayo EO (ed) Environmental monitoring, InTech, ISBN 978-953-307-724-6, pp 513–528
Matejicek L (2005) Spatial modeling of air pollution in urban areas with GIS: a case study on integrated database development. Adv Geosci 4:63–68
Gross N (1999) The earth will don an electronic skin. http://www.businessweek.com, BusinessWeek Online, 30 August 1999. (6 Jan 2012)
Winiwarter W, Kuhlbusch TAJ, Viana M, Hitzenberger R (2009) Quality considerations of European PM emission inventories. Atmos Environ 43(25):3819–3828
Acknowledgement
This chapter was in part sponsored by the EU Project AirMonTech (Project Number) with TK, PQ, UQ, MV and KK being members.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2013 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Kuhlbusch, T.A.J. et al. (2013). Air Pollution Monitoring Strategies and Technologies for Urban Areas. In: Viana, M. (eds) Urban Air Quality in Europe. The Handbook of Environmental Chemistry, vol 26. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/698_2012_213
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/698_2012_213
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-642-38450-9
Online ISBN: 978-3-642-38451-6
eBook Packages: Earth and Environmental ScienceEarth and Environmental Science (R0)