Abstract
Paper production can be considered as an important factor for the development of one country. On the way of development, Vietnam has increased steadily in paper consumption; however, the paper production did not get to the same speed. One of the reasons remains in input material which composes of wood or other agricultural fiber sources and recovered paper. Statistical data on pulp and paper production have been taken into consideration. Reasons for the low in recycling rate have been analyzed.
Moreover a picture of recovered paper in Vietnam has been drawn. In form of recycling villages, the recovered paper production is operated completely by hand or by using simple tools. Data in emissions of additives, and the impacts resulting from those emissions are lacking. Since recycled paper is used very popular in flow of domestic consumption, this product has shown a big risk to the human health and the production is a big risk to the environment.
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Notes
- 1.
www.dongcao.bacninh.com, www.vietnamnet.com, www.vietpaper.com (2007), www.thiennhien.net (23 sep 2007).
- 2.
Nguyen Van Ha, Doctor of Philosophy, Faculty of Forest, University of Toronto, 2005.
- 3.
Report of EINECS number 265-995-8.
References
Dang Kim Chi, Tuong Thi Hoi et al (2010) Guideline to improvement of the environment in paper recycling villages
Ngo Thi Nga (2006) Workshop “The way to circular economy for Vietnam”, Hanoi University of Science, 2006
Wiesmeth H (2010) Workshop “Waste to energy for the city of tomorrow”, Hanoi University of Science, Oct 2010
Tran Thi My Dieu (2009) Workshop “Management of used plastic and paper packaging in HCM City”, University of Van Lang, HCM City, 18 Aug 2009
Diem Trang NT and Student Group K18, K22, Hanoi University of Science, Project study 2007–2008
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Glossary and Definitions
- Recovered paper (R.P.) utilization
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means use of recovered paper as raw material to produce new products.
- Apparent collection
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means utilization plus exports minus imports of recovered paper.
- Utilization rate
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means percentage of recovered paper utilization compared to the total paper production.
- Collection rate
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means percentage of apparent collection compared to the total paper consumption.
- Recycling rate
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means percentage of recovered paper utilization compared to the total paper consumption.
- Utilization
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by sector means total use of recovered paper in a sector as a percentage of the overall recovered paper use.
- Recovered paper
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mainly consists of cellulose pulp. EINECS identifies cellulose pulp as follow: “The fibrous substances obtained from the treatment of lignocelluloses substances (wood or other agricultural fiber sources) with one or more aqueous solutions of pulping and/or bleaching chemicals, composed of cellulose, hemi-cellulose, lignin and other minor components. The relative amounts of these components depend on the extent of the pulping and bleaching processes” (EINECS number 265-995-8, Waste and recovered substances, p. 14).Footnote 3
- Recovered paper
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may contain other constituents such as pigments, inks, glues, fillers, etc. Regarding the recovery and recycling process, constituents that have no specific function in the material (cellulose pulp), can, therefore, be considered as impurities.
- Impurities
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are an unintended constituent present in a substance as produced. It may originate from the starting materials or be the result of secondary or uncompleted reactions during the production process. While it is present in the final substance it was not intentionally added (EINECS number 265-995-8, Waste and recovered substances, p. 8).
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© 2011 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
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Trang, N.T.D. (2011). Problems in Paper Recycling of Vietnam. In: Bilitewski, B., Darbra, R., Barceló, D. (eds) Global Risk-Based Management of Chemical Additives I. The Handbook of Environmental Chemistry(), vol 18. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/698_2011_116
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/698_2011_116
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