Abstract
Stimuli-responsive polymers (SRPs) are a recent innovative approach that has numerous biomedical applications. These smart polymers can be used in various industrial and medical areas. Smart polymeric hydrogels are a new class of biomedical materials that have attracted much attention in recent years. These hydrogels change their properties in response to alterations in the chemical, physical, or biochemical properties of their environment, and can be used for many biomedical applications. In this review, we discuss these novel materials with a focus on temperature-responsive polymers as the most applicable type of SRPs. Different types of these polymeric systems and their thermodynamics, as well as challenges for their clinical translation, their combination with other biosystems such as liposomes, and their applications are presented.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Abbreviations
- APS:
-
Ammonium persulfate
- PDEAAM:
-
Poly(N,N-diethylacrylamide)
- PDMAEMA:
-
Poly(N,N-dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate)
- PLGA:
-
Poly(lactide-co-Glycolide) acid
- PNIPAM:
-
Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide)
- PNIPMAM:
-
Poly(N-isopropylmethacrylamide)
- PNVIBA:
-
Poly(vinylisobutyroamide)
- PVCL:
-
Poly(vinylcaprolactam)
References
Adibfar A, Amoabediny G, Baghaban Eslaminejad M, Mohamadi J, Bagheri F, Zandieh Doulabi B (2018) VEGF delivery by smart polymeric PNIPAM nanoparticles affects both osteogenic and angiogenic capacities of human bone marrow stem cells. Mater Sci Eng C Mater Biol Appl 93:790–799. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msec.2018.08.037
Alexander A, Ajazuddin KJ, Saraf S, Saraf S (2014) Polyethylene glycol (PEG)-Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAAm) based thermosensitive injectable hydrogels for biomedical applications. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 88(3):575–585. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejpb.2014.07.005
Al-Sabagh AM, Moustafa YM, Hamdy A, Killa HM, Ghanem RTM, Morsi RE (2018) Preparation and characterization of sulfonated polystyrene/magnetite nanocomposites for organic dye adsorption. Egypt J Pet 27(3):403–413. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejpe.2017.07.004
Barnes AL, Genever PG, Rimmer S, Coles MC (2016) Collagen-poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) hydrogels with tunable properties. Biomacromolecules 17(3):723–734. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.biomac.5b01251
Blackburn WH, Dickerson EB, Smith MH, McDonald JF, Lyon LA (2009) Peptide-functionalized nanogels for targeted siRNA delivery. Bioconjug Chem 20(5):960–968. https://doi.org/10.1021/bc800547c
Cabane E, Zhang X, Langowska K, Palivan CG, Meier W (2012) Stimuli-responsive polymers and their applications in nanomedicine. Biointerphases 7(1–4):9. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13758-011-0009-3
Calejo MT, Kjoniksen AL, Pinazo A, Perez L, Cardoso AM, de Lima MC, Jurado AS et al (2012) Thermoresponsive hydrogels with low toxicity from mixtures of ethyl(hydroxyethyl) cellulose and arginine-based surfactants. Int J Pharm 436(1–2):454–462. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpharm.2012.07.018
Chan A, Orme RP, Fricker RA, Roach P (2013) Remote and local control of stimuli responsive materials for therapeutic applications. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 65(4):497–514. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addr.2012.07.007
Chen S, Zhong H, Gu B, Wang Y, Li X, Cheng Z, Zhang L et al (2012) Thermosensitive phase behavior and drug release of in situ N-isopropylacrylamide copolymer. Mater Sci Eng C 32(8):2199–2204. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msec.2012.05.052
Cheng P, Zeng W, Li L, Huo D, Zeng L, Tan J, Zhou J et al (2016) PLGA-PNIPAM microspheres loaded with the gastrointestinal nutrient NaB ameliorate cardiac dysfunction by activating Sirt3 in acute myocardial infarction. Adv Sci (Weinh) 3(12):1600254. https://doi.org/10.1002/advs.201600254
Choi SH, Yoon JJ, Park TG (2002) Galactosylated poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) hydrogel submicrometer particles for specific cellular uptake within hepatocytes. J Colloid Interface Sci 251(1):57–63. https://doi.org/10.1006/jcis.2002.8427
Chu L-Y (2011) Glucose-responsive gating membranes. In: Smart membrane materials and systems. Advanced topics in science and Technology in China. Springer, Berlin/Heidelberg, pp 197–216. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-18114-6_9
Chu LY, Li Y, Zhu JH, Wang HD, Liang YJ (2004) Control of pore size and permeability of a glucose-responsive gating membrane for insulin delivery. J Control Release 97(1):43–53. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jconrel.2004.02.026
Clark EA, Lipson JEG (2012) LCST and UCST behavior in polymer solutions and blends. Polymer 53(2):536–545. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polymer.2011.11.045
Dionigi C, Lungaro L, Goranov V, Riminucci A, Pineiro-Redondo Y, Banobre-Lopez M, Rivas J et al (2014) Smart magnetic poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) to control the release of bio-active molecules. J Mater Sci Mater Med 25(10):2365–2371. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10856-014-5159-7
Ertan AB, Yilgor P, Bayyurt B, Calikoglu AC, Kaspar C, Kok FN, Kose GT et al (2013) Effect of double growth factor release on cartilage tissue engineering. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 7(2):149–160. https://doi.org/10.1002/term.509
Fathi M, Sahandi Zangabad P, Majidi S, Barar J, Erfan-Niya H, Omidi Y (2017) Stimuli-responsive chitosan-based nanocarriers for cancer therapy. Bioimpacts 7(4):269–277. https://doi.org/10.15171/bi.2017.32
Garbern JC, Hoffman AS, Stayton PS (2010) Injectable pH- and temperature-responsive poly(N-isopropylacrylamide-co-propylacrylic acid) copolymers for delivery of angiogenic growth factors. Biomacromolecules 11(7):1833–1839. https://doi.org/10.1021/bm100318z
Grabstain V, Bianco-Peled H (2003) Mechanisms controlling the temperature-dependent binding of proteins to poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) microgels. Biotechnol Prog 19(6):1728–1733. https://doi.org/10.1021/bp034161t
Gulati N, Rastogi R, Dinda AK, Saxena R, Koul V (2010) Characterization and cell material interactions of PEGylated PNIPAAM nanoparticles. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 79(1):164–173. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.colsurfb.2010.03.049
Hathaway H, Alves DR, Bean J, Esteban PP, Ouadi K, Sutton JM, Jenkins AT (2015) Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide-co-allylamine) (PNIPAM-co-ALA) nanospheres for the thermally triggered release of Bacteriophage K. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 96:437–441. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejpb.2015.09.013
Hazot P, Chapel JP, Pichot C, Elaissari A, Delair T (2002) Preparation of poly(N-ethyl methacrylamide) particles via an emulsion/precipitation process: the role of the crosslinker. J Polym Sci A Polym Chem 40(11):1808–1817. https://doi.org/10.1002/pola.10259
Hoffman AS (2013) Stimuli-responsive polymers: biomedical applications and challenges for clinical translation. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 65(1):10–16. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addr.2012.11.004
Hu X, Tong Z, Lyon LA (2010) Synthesis and physicochemical properties of cationic microgels based on Poly(N-isopropylmethacrylamide). Colloid Polym Sci 289(3):333–339. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00396-010-2347-y
Huang HY, Shaw J, Yip C, Wu XY (2008) Microdomain pH gradient and kinetics inside composite polymeric membranes of pH and glucose sensitivity. Pharm Res 25(5):1150–1157. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11095-007-9507-x
Inoue H, Anzai J (2005) Stimuli-sensitive thin films prepared by a layer-by-layer deposition of 2-iminobiotin-labeled poly(ethyleneimine) and avidin. Langmuir 21(18):8354–8359. https://doi.org/10.1021/la0508341
Jaiswal MK, Banerjee R, Pradhan P, Bahadur D (2010) Thermal behavior of magnetically modalized poly(N-isopropylacrylamide)-chitosan based nanohydrogel. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 81(1):185–194. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.colsurfb.2010.07.009
Joshi RV, Nelson CE, Poole KM, Skala MC, Duvall CL (2013) Dual pH- and temperature-responsive microparticles for protein delivery to ischemic tissues. Acta Biomater 9(5):6526–6534. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actbio.2013.01.041
Karimi M, Ghasemi A, Sahandi Zangabad P, Rahighi R, Moosavi Basri SM, Mirshekari H, Amiri M et al (2016) Smart micro/nanoparticles in stimulus-responsive drug/gene delivery systems. Chem Soc Rev 45(5):1457–1501. https://doi.org/10.1039/c5cs00798d
Khan F, Tanaka M (2017) Designing smart biomaterials for tissue engineering. Int J Mol Sci 19(1):17. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms19010017
Khan F, Tare RS, Oreffo RO, Bradley M (2009) Versatile biocompatible polymer hydrogels: scaffolds for cell growth. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 48(5):978–982. https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.200804096
Kim J, Nayak S, Lyon LA (2005) Bioresponsive Hydrogel Microlenses. J Am Chem Soc 127(26):9588–9592. https://doi.org/10.1021/ja0519076
Kim J, Singh N, Lyon LA (2007) Displacement-induced switching rates of bioresponsive hydrogel microlenses. Chem Mater 19(10):2527–2532. https://doi.org/10.1021/cm063086p
Kjoniksen AL, Calejo MT, Zhu K, Cardoso AM, de Lima MC, Jurado AS, Nystrom B et al (2014) Sustained release of naltrexone from poly(n-isopropylacrylamide) microgels. J Pharm Sci 103(1):227–234. https://doi.org/10.1002/jps.23780
Klotz BJ, Gawlitta D, Rosenberg A, Malda J, Melchels FPW (2016) Gelatin-Methacryloyl hydrogels: towards biofabrication-based tissue repair. Trends Biotechnol 34(5):394–407. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tibtech.2016.01.002
Korth BD, Keng P, Shim I, Bowles SE, Tang C, Kowalewski T, Nebesny KW et al (2006) Polymer-coated ferromagnetic colloids from well-defined macromolecular surfactants and assembly into nanoparticle chains. J Am Chem Soc 128(20):6562–6563. https://doi.org/10.1021/ja0609147
Kuckling D, Doering A, Krahl F, Arndt KF (2012) Stimuli-responsive polymer systems. In: Polymer science, pp 377–413. https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-444-53349-4.00214-4
Kyle S, Felton SH, McPherson MJ, Aggeli A, Ingham E (2012) Rational molecular design of complementary self-assembling peptide hydrogels. Adv Healthc Mater 1(5):640–645. https://doi.org/10.1002/adhm.201200047
Leach HEDAJK (2008) Hybrid and composite biomaterials in tissue engineering. In: Topics in multifunctional biomaterials and devices. Oulu university Press, Oulu [Finland], pp 1–26
Lee C-F, Lin C-C, Chiu W-Y (2008) Thermosensitive and control release behavior of poly (N-isopropylacrylamide-co-acrylic acid) latex particles. J Polym Sci A Polym Chem 46(17):5734–5741. https://doi.org/10.1002/pola.22887
Li G, Yu N, Gao Y, Tao Q, Liu X (2016) Polymeric hollow spheres assembled from ALG-g-PNIPAM and β-cyclodextrin for controlled drug release. Int J Biol Macromol 82(Supplement C):381–386. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2015.11.010
Lima LH, Morales Y, Cabral T (2016) Poly-N-isopropylacrylamide (pNIPAM): a reversible bioadhesive for sclerotomy closure. Int J Retina Vitreous 2:23. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40942-016-0048-5
Liu F, Urban MW (2010) Recent advances and challenges in designing stimuli-responsive polymers. Prog Polym Sci 35(1–2):3–23. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2009.10.002
Liu D, Yang F, Xiong F, Gu N (2016) The smart drug delivery system and its clinical potential. Theranostics 6(9):1306–1323. https://doi.org/10.7150/thno.14858
Maeda S (1966) Lower critical solution temperature (L.C.S.T.) of the systems, glycerin-polypropylenglycol-ether (GP), or glycerin-polyethylenglycol-ether (GEP) and water. Bull Pharm Res Inst 62:11–13
Makhaeva EE, Tenhu H, Khokhlov AR (2002) Behavior of Poly(N-vinylcaprolactam-co-methacrylic acid) macromolecules in aqueous solution: interplay between coulombic and hydrophobic interaction. Macromolecules 35(5):1870–1876. https://doi.org/10.1021/ma0105789
Marquardt LM, Heilshorn SC (2016) Design of Injectable Materials to improve stem cell transplantation. Curr Stem Cell Rep 2(3):207–220. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40778-016-0058-0
Milasinovic N, Kalagasidis Krusic M, Knezevic-Jugovic Z, Filipovic J (2010) Hydrogels of N-isopropylacrylamide copolymers with controlled release of a model protein. Int J Pharm 383(1–2):53–61. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpharm.2009.09.001
Milichovsky M (2010) Water—a key substance to comprehension of stimuli-responsive hydrated reticular systems. J Biomater Nanobiotechnol 1:17–30. https://doi.org/10.4236/jbnb.2010.11003
Naddaf AA, Tsibranska I, Bart HJ (2010) Kinetics of BSA release from poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) hydrogels. Chem Eng Process Process Intensif 49(6):581–588. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cep.2010.05.008
Naha PC, Bhattacharya K, Tenuta T, Dawson KA, Lynch I, Gracia A, Lyng FM et al (2010) Intracellular localisation, geno- and cytotoxic response of polyN-isopropylacrylamide (PNIPAM) nanoparticles to human keratinocyte (HaCaT) and colon cells (SW 480). Toxicol Lett 198(2):134–143. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.toxlet.2010.06.011
Némethy Á, Solti K, Kiss L, Gyarmati B, Deli MA, Csányi E, Szilágyi A (2013) pH- and temperature-responsive poly(aspartic acid)-l-poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) conetwork hydrogel. Eur Polym J 49(9):2392–2403. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2013.02.015
Ozdemir N, Tuncel A, Duman M, Engin D, Denkbas EB (2008) Poly(n-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) based nanoparticles for in vitro plasmid DNA delivery. In: Vaseashta A, Mihailescu IN (eds) Functionalized nanoscale materials, devices and systems. Springer, Dordrecht, pp 325–330. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-8903-9_25
Patel NG, Zhang G (2013) Responsive systems for cell sheet detachment. Organogenesis 9(2):93–100. https://doi.org/10.4161/org.25149
Pich A, Tessier A, Boyko V, Lu Y, Adler H-JP (2006) Synthesis and characterization of poly(vinylcaprolactam)-based microgels exhibiting temperature and pH-sensitive properties. Macromolecules 39(22):7701–7707. https://doi.org/10.1021/ma060985q
Qi M, Li G, Yu N, Meng Y, Liu X (2014) Synthesis of thermo-sensitive polyelectrolyte complex nanoparticles from CS-g-PNIPAM and SA-g-PNIPAM for controlled drug release. Macromol Res 22(9):1004–1011. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13233-014-2134-6
Qiu Y, Park K (2001) Environment-sensitive hydrogels for drug delivery. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 53(3):321–339. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0169-409x(01)00203-4
Radad K, Al-Shraim M, Moldzio R, Rausch WD (2012) Recent advances in benefits and hazards of engineered nanoparticles. Environ Toxicol Pharmacol 34(3):661–672. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.etap.2012.07.011
Rao KM, Rao K, Ha CS (2016) Stimuli responsive Poly(Vinyl Caprolactam) gels for biomedical applications. Gels 2(1):6. https://doi.org/10.3390/gels2010006
Rege NK, Phillips NFB, Weiss MA (2017) Development of glucose-responsive ‘smart’ insulin systems. Curr Opin Endocrinol Diabetes Obes 24(4):267–278. https://doi.org/10.1097/MED.0000000000000345
Reinelt S, Steinke D, Ritter H (2014) End-group-functionalized poly(N,N-diethylacrylamide) via free-radical chain transfer polymerization: influence of sulfur oxidation and cyclodextrin on self-organization and cloud points in water. Beilstein J Org Chem 10:680–691. https://doi.org/10.3762/bjoc.10.61
Rejinold NS, Sreerekha PR, Chennazhi KP, Nair SV, Jayakumar R (2011) Biocompatible, biodegradable and thermo-sensitive chitosan-g-poly (N-isopropylacrylamide) nanocarrier for curcumin drug delivery. Int J Biol Macromol 49(2):161–172. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2011.04.008
Rejinold NS, Baby T, Chennazhi KP, Jayakumar R (2014) Dual drug encapsulated thermo-sensitive fibrinogen-graft-poly (N-isopropyl acrylamide) nanogels for breast cancer therapy. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 114:209–217. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.colsurfb.2013.10.015
Ribeiro CA, Martins MVS, Bressiani AH, Bressiani JC, Leyva ME, de Queiroz AAA (2017) Electrochemical preparation and characterization of PNIPAM-HAp scaffolds for bone tissue engineering. Mater Sci Eng C Mater Biol Appl 81:156–166. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msec.2017.07.048
Roy D, Cambre JN, Sumerlin BS (2010) Future perspectives and recent advances in stimuli-responsive materials. Prog Polym Sci 35(1–2):278–301. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2009.10.008
Ruiz-Hernandez E, Hess M, Melen GJ, Theek B, Talelli M, Shi Y, Ozbakir B et al (2014) PEG-pHPMAm-based polymeric micelles loaded with doxorubicin-prodrugs in combination antitumor therapy with oncolytic vaccinia viruses. Polym Chem 5:1674–1681. https://doi.org/10.1039/C3PY01097J
Scherzinger C, Lindner P, Keerl M, Richtering W (2010) Cononsolvency of Poly(N,N-diethylacrylamide) (PDEAAM) and poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) based microgels in water/methanol mixtures: copolymer vs core−shell microgel. Macromolecules 43(16):6829–6833. https://doi.org/10.1021/ma100422e
Schmaljohann D (2006) Thermo- and pH-responsive polymers in drug delivery. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 58:1655–1670
Škvarla J, Zedník J, Šlouf M, Pispas S, Štěpánek M (2014) Poly(N-isopropyl acrylamide)-block-poly(n-butyl acrylate) thermoresponsive amphiphilic copolymers: synthesis, characterization and self-assembly behavior in aqueous solutions. Eur Polym J 61:124–132. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2014.10.002
Sood N, Bhardwaj A, Mehta S, Mehta A (2016) Stimuli-responsive hydrogels in drug delivery and tissue engineering. Drug Deliv 23(3):748–770. https://doi.org/10.3109/10717544.2014.940091
Stayton PS, El-Sayed ME, Murthy N, Bulmus V, Lackey C, Cheung C, Hoffman AS (2005) ‘Smart’ delivery systems for biomolecular therapeutics. Orthod Craniofac Res 8(3):219–225. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1601-6343.2005.00336.x
Stile RA, Shull KR, Healy KE (2003) Axisymmetric adhesion test to examine the interfacial interactions between biologically-modified networks and models of the extracellular matrix. Langmuir 19(5):1853–1860. https://doi.org/10.1021/la026256v
Sudhakar K, Moloi SJ, Rao KM (2017) Graphene oxide/poly(N-isopropyl acrylamide)/sodium alginate-based dual responsive composite beads for controlled release characteristics of chemotherapeutic agent. Iran Polym J 26(7):521–530. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13726-017-0543-z
Takashi M, Tadashi U, Katsuhiko N (2002) Biomolecule-sensitive hydrogels. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 54:79–98
Tang Z, Akiyama Y, Okano T (2012) Temperature-responsive polymer modified surface for cell sheet engineering. Polymers 4(3):1478–1498. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym4031478
Tang Q, Yu B, Gao L, Cong H, Song N, Lu C (2018) Stimuli responsive nanoparticles for controlled anti-cancer drug release. Curr Med Chem 25(16):1837–1866. https://doi.org/10.2174/0929867325666180111095913
Theato P (2008) Synthesis of well-defined polymeric activated esters. J Polym Sci A Polym Chem 46(20):6677–6687. https://doi.org/10.1002/pola.22994
Tombácz E, Turcu R, Socoliuc V, Vékás L (2015) Magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles: recent trends in design and synthesis of magnetoresponsive nanosystems. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 468(3):442–453. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbrc.2015.08.030
Traitel T, Cohen Y, Kost J (2000) Characterization of glucose-sensitive insulin release systems in simulated in vivo conditions. Biomaterials 21(16):1679–1687. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0142-9612(00)00050-8
Trongsatitkul T, Budhlall BM (2013) Temperature dependence of serum protein adsorption in PEGylated PNIPAm microgels. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 103:244–252. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.colsurfb.2012.10.053
Trzebicka B, Robak B, Trzcinska R, Szweda D, Suder P, Silberring J, Dworak A (2013) Thermosensitive PNIPAM-peptide conjugate – synthesis and aggregation. Eur Polym J 49(2):499–509. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2012.11.005
Valderrama-Garcia BX, Rodriguez-Alba E, Morales-Espinoza EG, Moineau Chane-Ching K, Rivera E (2016) Synthesis and characterization of novel polythiophenes containing pyrene chromophores: thermal, optical and electrochemical properties. Molecules 21(2):172. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules21020172
Wadajkar AS, Koppolu B, Rahimi M, Nguyen KT (2008) Cytotoxic evaluation of N-isopropylacrylamide monomers and temperature-sensitive poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) nanoparticles. J Nanopart Res 11(6):1375–1382. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11051-008-9526-5
Wang T, Liu D, Lian C, Zheng S, Liu X, Wang C, Tong Z (2011) Rapid cell sheet detachment from alginate semi-interpenetrating nanocomposite hydrogels of PNIPAm and hectorite clay. React Funct Polym 71(4):447–454. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2011.01.004
Wang L, Liu L, Dong B, Zhao H, Zhang M, Chen W, Hong Y (2017) Multi-stimuli-responsive biohybrid nanoparticles with cross-linked albumin coronae self-assembled by a polymer-protein biodynamer. Acta Biomater 54:259–270. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actbio.2017.03.009
Wang X, Gu M, Toh TB, Abdullah NLB, Chow EK (2018) Stimuli-responsive Nanodiamond-based biosensor for enhanced metastatic tumor site detection. SLAS Technol 23(1):44–56. https://doi.org/10.1177/2472630317735497
Wei M, Gao Y, Li X, Serpe MJ (2017) Stimuli-responsive polymers and their applications. Polym Chem 8(1):127–143. https://doi.org/10.1039/c6py01585a
Xiong Z, Peng B, Han X, Peng C, Liu H, Hu Y (2011) Dual-stimuli responsive behaviors of diblock polyampholyte PDMAEMA-b-PAA in aqueous solution. J Colloid Interface Sci 356(2):557–565. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcis.2011.01.067
Xu Y, Fu M, Li Z, Fan Z, Li X, Liu Y, Anderson PM et al (2016) A prosurvival and proangiogenic stem cell delivery system to promote ischemic limb regeneration. Acta Biomater 31:99–113. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actbio.2015.12.021
Yamamoto K, Serizawa T, Akashi M (2003) Synthesis and thermosensitive properties of Poly[(N-vinylamide)-co-(vinyl acetate)]s and their hydrogels. Macromol Chem Phys 204(7):1027–1033. https://doi.org/10.1002/macp.200390073
Yamato M, Konno C, Utsumi M, Kikuchi A, Okano T (2002) Thermally responsive polymer-grafted surfaces facilitate patterned cell seeding and co-culture. Biomaterials 23(2):561–567. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0142-9612(01)00138-7
Ye M, Zhang D, Han L, Tejada J, Ortiz C (2006) Synthesis, preparation, and conformation of stimulus-responsive end-grafted poly(methacrylic acid-g-ethylene glycol) layers. Soft Matter 2(3):243. https://doi.org/10.1039/b510894b
Zhang X-Z, Sun G-M, Chu CC (2004) Temperature sensitive dendrite-shaped PNIPAAm/Dex-AI hybrid hydrogel particles: formulation and properties. Eur Polym J 40(9):2251–2257. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2004.04.021
Zhang Y, Guan Y, Zhou S (2006) Synthesis and volume phase transitions of glucose-sensitive microgels. Biomacromolecules 7(11):3196–3201. https://doi.org/10.1021/bm060557s
Zhang J, Cui Z, Field R, Moloney MG, Rimmer S, Ye H (2015) Thermo-responsive microcarriers based on poly(N-isopropylacrylamide). Eur Polym J 67:346–364. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2015.04.013
Zhang J, Jiang X, Wen X, Xu Q, Zeng H, Zhao Y, Liu M et al (2019) Bio-responsive smart polymers and biomedical applications. J Phy Mater 2(3):032004. https://doi.org/10.1088/2515-7639/ab1af5
Zhao W, Zhang H, He Q, Li Y, Gu J, Li L, Li H et al (2011a) A glucose-responsive controlled release of insulin system based on enzyme multilayers-coated mesoporous silica particles. Chem Commun (Camb) 47(33):9459–9461. https://doi.org/10.1039/c1cc12740c
Zhao X, Kim J, Cezar CA, Huebsch N, Lee K, Bouhadir K, Mooney DJ (2011b) Active scaffolds for on-demand drug and cell delivery. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 108(1):67–72. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1007862108
Zhu Q, Chen L, Zhu P, Luan J, Mao C, Huang X, Shen J (2013) Preparation of PNIPAM-g-P (NIPAM-co-St) microspheres and their blood compatibility. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 104:61–65. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.colsurfb.2012.12.004
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding authors
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2020 Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Adibfar, A., Hosseini, S., Baghaban Eslaminejad, M. (2020). Smart Polymeric Systems: A Biomedical Viewpoint. In: Turksen, K. (eds) Cell Biology and Translational Medicine, Volume 10. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology(), vol 1298. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/5584_2020_563
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/5584_2020_563
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-030-60011-2
Online ISBN: 978-3-030-60012-9
eBook Packages: Biomedical and Life SciencesBiomedical and Life Sciences (R0)