Abstract
Poverty, high population density and unhealthy dwellings in Siena’s historic district accounted for the spread of tuberculosis in its various forms between the mid-nineteenth century and the first three decades of the twentieth century. In this paper, the author relies on statistical data relating to a time span between 1898 and 1935 to discuss the high incidence of scrofula, or tuberculosis of the lymphatic glands, among Siena’s infant population.
The result is a description of the most important actions implemented at city level to prevent tuberculosis and to assist and treat sick children: stays in seaside hospices promoted by Carlo Livi in order prevent and treat poor and malnourished children, the establishment of a Preventorium to accommodate children from families that included members infected with pulmonary tuberculosis, the realization of activities in the green areas of the Fortress on advice of Achille Sclavo. Furthermore, the author recalls the work of great hygienist Sclavo to raise awareness of the hygienic practices among Siena’s population, which was fundamental in the prevention of epidemic diseases such as tuberculosis.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Atti parlamentari (1873) Senato, Discussioni, tornata del 12 marzo 1873
Barellai G (1853) Degli ospizi gratuiti marini per gli scrofolosi indigenti. Coi tipi di Felice Le Monnier, Firenze
Buonsenso D et al (2018) Vitamin D levels in active TB, latent TB, non-TB pneumonia and healthy children: a prospective observational study. Fetal Pediatr Pathol 37(5):337–347. https://doi.org/10.1080/15513815.2018.1509407
Cammarata A (1925) L’organizzazione della lotta antitubercolare e di alcuni sanatori della Francia. Parte seconda. Soc. Anonima A. Savoldi, Bergamo
Carnevale F, Diana E (2014) Giuseppe Barellai (1813–1884). Edizioni Polistampa, Firenze
Chiurco GA (1928) Pernio del programma fascista senese dell’anno VII: combattere la tubercolosi. Il Popolo senese, 86
Comune di Siena (1934) L’attività dell’Amministrazione Podestarile dall’anno V al XII E.F. (1927–1934). Stab. d’Arti Grafiche S. Bernardino, Siena
Corsini F (1942) Attività antitubercolare dal 1919 al 1940. Stabilimento Grafico Combattenti, Siena
Coussens AK et al (2012) Vitamin D accelerates resolution of inflammatory responses during tuberculosis treatment. PNAS 18 109(38):15449–15454. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1200072109
Funaioli P (1874) I poveri bambini scrofolosi di Siena inviati all’ospizio marino di Viareggio nell’estate 1872. Stab. Tip. Di A. Mucci, Siena
Galli A et al (2016) Pediatric tuberculosis in Italian children: epidemiological and clinical data from the Italian register of Pediatric tuberculosis. Int J Mol Sci 17(6):960. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms17060960
Livi C (1873) La scrofola e gli ospizii marini: lettura fatta nella Gran Sala della R. Università di Siena/per Carlo Livi. Treves, Milano
Londini A (1937) La tubercolosi nel comune di Siena (periodo 1921–1935). Atti Accad Sci Siena XI(V):293–323
Neri F (1915) La tubercolosi nel Comune di Siena durante il periodo 1898–1913. Tipografia Fattori e Puggelli già Claudiana, Firenze
Neri F (1921) La tubercolosi nel Comune di Siena. Nota II (periodo 1914–1920). Atti Accad Sci Siena IX(XIII):159–183
Sclavo A (1924) Per la propaganda igienica. Scuola ed igiene. G.B. Paravia, Torino
Tassi F (1878) Relazione sanitaria sui bambini poveri scrofolosi di Siena inviati all’ospizio marino di Porto Santo Stefano nell’estate del 1877. Stab. Tip. Di A. Mucci, Siena
World Health Organization-WHO (2018) Global tuberculosis report 2018. https://www.who.int/tb/publications/global_report/gtbr2018_main_text_28Feb2019.pdf. Accessed 24 Nov 2019
World Health Organization–WHO (2019) Global tuberculosis report 2019. https://www.who.int/tb/publications/global_report/en/. Accessed 24 Nov 2019
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2020 Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Orsini, D. (2020). The Struggle Against Infant Scrofula in Siena Between the Nineteenth and Twentieth Centuries. In: Donelli, G. (eds) Advances in Microbiology, Infectious Diseases and Public Health. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology(), vol 1282. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/5584_2019_468
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/5584_2019_468
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-030-53646-6
Online ISBN: 978-3-030-53647-3
eBook Packages: Biomedical and Life SciencesBiomedical and Life Sciences (R0)