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Cell Biology and Translational Medicine, Volume 13 pp 177–192Cite as

Role of Tumor Specific niche in Colon Cancer Progression and Emerging Therapies by Targeting Tumor Microenvironment

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Part of the book series: Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology ((CBTMED,volume 1341))

Abstract

Colorectal cancer is the third most common form of cancer worldwide leading to escalating mortality rates and mainly includes hereditary, sporadic and colitis-associated cancer development. The escalated mortality rates is due to the limited treatment options as this form of cancer is usually not easy to diagnose in its early stages and are highly invasive leading to rapid metastasis of the malignant cells to the neighbouring tissue. In order to combat this limitation several chemotherapeutic regimens are now being combined with targeted therapies after the knowledge acquired on the inevitable effects of the tumor microenvironment on the colon cancer growth and progress. The colon tumor niche mainly consists of a large mass of tumor cells along with various immune cells, inflammatory cells, tumor macrophages and fibroblasts that infiltrate the tumor as it is a site of predominant inflammation. Among cells of the microenvironment, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) exhibiting ability to evolve into cancer associated fibroblasts (CAFs) have recently generated a major interest in the field. The physiological state of the tumor microenvironment is closely connected to discrete steps of tumorigenesis. The colon cancer cells elicit various factors with their direct interaction with MSCs or via paracrine fashion, which modulate these cells to promote cancer instead of performing their innate function of abating cancer progression. This review intends to highlight the necessity to exploit the cellular landscape of tumor microenvironment of colon cancer and a detailed understanding of the interactions between tumor epithelial cells and their stromal/inflammatory elements will aid in future perspectives for designing therapeutic regimens targeting tumor microenvironment to improve the clinical outcome of colon cancer.

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Abbreviations

CAFs:

Cancer Associated, Fibroblasts

CC:

Colon Cancer

CRC:

Colo Rectal Carcinoma

ECM:

Extracellular Matrix

EGF:

Epidermal Growth Factor

EMT:

Epithelial to Mesenchymal Transition

FAP:

Fibroblast Activating Protein

HGF:

Hepatocyte Growth Factor

MDSC:

Myeloid Derived Suppressor Cells

MIF:

Migration Inhibitory Factor.

MMP:

Matrix Metalo Proteinases

MSCs:

Mesenchymal Stem Cells

RANTES:

Regulated on activation, Normal T-cell Expressed and Secreted

SCF:

Stem Cell Factor

TAMs:

Tumour Associated Macrophages

TME:

Tumour Microenvironment

TNF:

Tumour Necrosis Factor

VEGF:

Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor

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Acknowledgement

The authors are thankful to Chettinad Academy of Research and Education for providing the infrastructural support and to SERB, DST, Govt. of India for providing the financial support. The authors are thankful to Mr. Jaganth Arunachalam for technical help in formulating the table.

Funding

This work was supported fully by the grants sanctioned to Dr. Antara Banerjee (PI) from the SERB-DST Govt. of India with the sanction file no ECR/2017/001066.

Disclosure of Interest

The authors report no conflict of interest.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education (CARE) and Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute (CHRI), Kelambakkam, Tamil Nadu, India

    Antara Banerjee, Yashna Chabria, Janani Gopi, Praveen Rowlo & Surajit Pathak

  2. Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Chettinad Academy of Research & Education, Kelambakkam, Tamil Nadu, India

    Rajesh Kanna N. R.

  3. Department of Oncology and Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden

    Xiao-Feng Sun

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  1. Antara Banerjee
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  2. Yashna Chabria
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  4. Janani Gopi
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Correspondence to Antara Banerjee .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. (emeritus), Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada

    Kursad Turksen

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Banerjee, A. et al. (2019). Role of Tumor Specific niche in Colon Cancer Progression and Emerging Therapies by Targeting Tumor Microenvironment. In: Turksen, K. (eds) Cell Biology and Translational Medicine, Volume 13. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology(), vol 1341. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/5584_2019_355

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