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Cell Biology and Translational Medicine, Volume 5 pp 123–132Cite as

Stem Cells Derived from Dental Tissues

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Part of the book series: Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology ((CBTMED,volume 1144))

Abstract

Stem cells are undifferentiated cells located in different parts of the body. The major role of stem cells is to restore of injured tissues. Since the discover of stem cells, they gained a big attention due to their differentiation and regeneration capacity. The main source of stem cells was known as bone marrow. However, different sources for obtaining stem cells were discovered. Dental tissues, a new source for stem cells, provide cells having mesenchymal stem cell characteristics such as fibroblast-like structure, expression of surface antigens specific for mesenchymal stem cells, regeneration ability, multilineage differentiation capacity and immunomodulatory features. Dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs), dental follicle progenitor cells (DFPCs), stem cells from apical papilla (SCAP), tooth germ stem cells (TGSCs) and periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs) are stem cells derived from dental tissues as well as stem cells from exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHED). Dental stem cells express mesenchymal stem cell markers like Stro-1, CD146, CD106, CD90, CD73 CD29 and CD13. However, they do not express hematopoietic stem cell markers such as CD11b, CD45 and CD34. Dental stem cells are able to undergo myogenic, chondrogenic, adipogenic, neurogenic, osteogenic and odontogenic differentiation. Thanks to these differentiation ability of dental stem cells, they can easily be manipulated in regenerative medicine. Dental stem cells, that can effortlessly be transfected, can also be used in cell therapy application. Immunomodulatory features of dental stem cells make them suitable candidates for the therapy of immune-related disorders. Dental stem cells with high potentials such as ability of self-renewal, mesenchymal stem cell characteristics, multilineage differentiation and immunomodulation are promising tool for in vitro and in vivo differentiation studies as well as the therapy of immune-related diseases.

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Abbreviations

ADSCs:

Stem cells derived from adipose tissue

ASCs:

Adult stem cells

BMP:

Bone morphogenic protein

BMSCs:

Bone marrow stem cells

CFU-F:

Colony forming unit fibroblast assay

Col-I:

Collagen-I

DFPCs:

Dental follicle progenitor cells

DPSCs:

Dental pulp stem cells

ESCs:

Embryonic stem cells

FGF:

Fibroblast growth factor

HGF:

Hepatocyte growth factor

HLA-G:

Human leukocyte antigen G

ICA:

Islet cell aggregates

IDO:

Indole amine 2,3-dioxygenase

IDPSCs:

Immature DPSCs

IL-6:

Interleukin-6

iPSCs:

Induced pluripotent stem cells

MI:

Myocardial infarction

MSCs:

Mesenchymal stem cells

NO:

Nitric oxide

PBMCs:

Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells

PDLSCs:

Periodontal ligament stem cells

PGE2:

Prostaglandin E2

SCAP:

Stem cells from apical papilla

SHED:

Stem cells from exfoliated deciduous teeth

SLE:

Systemic lupus erythematosus

SSEA:

Stage-specific embryonic antigens

TGF-β:

Transforming growth factor beta

TGSCs:

Tooth germ stem cells

Th17:

T helper 17

VEGF:

Vascular endothelial growth factor

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  1. Department of Genetics and Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, Yeditepe University, İstanbul, Turkey

    Safa Aydin & Fikrettin Şahin

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  1. Safa Aydin
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  2. Fikrettin Şahin
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Correspondence to Safa Aydin .

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  1. (Retired), Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada

    Kursad Turksen

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Aydin, S., Şahin, F. (2019). Stem Cells Derived from Dental Tissues. In: Turksen, K. (eds) Cell Biology and Translational Medicine, Volume 5. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology(), vol 1144. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/5584_2018_333

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