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Adult Stem Cells and Medicine

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Cell Biology and Translational Medicine, Volume 1

Part of the book series: Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology ((CBTMED,volume 1079))

Abstract

Stem cells can be either totipotent, pluripotent, multipotent or unipotent. Totipotent cells have the capability to produce all cell types of the developing organism, including both embryonic and extraembryonic tissues. The Hematopoietic Stem Cells (HSC) are the first defined adult stem cells (ASC) that give rise to all blood cells and immune system. Use of HSCs for treatment of hematologic malignancies, which is also called bone marrow (BM) transplantation or peripheral blood stem cells (PBSC) transplantation is the pioneer of cellular therapy and translational research. However, stem cell research field is developing so fast that, innovative approaches using HSCs for treatment of refractory diseases are growing rapidly. Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) has been widely used to achieve cure in different hematological diseases. Applications include the treatment of marrow failure syndromes, leukemia, lymphoma, multiple myeloma (MM), certain inherited blood disorders, autoimmune diseases and as an enzyme replacement in metabolic disorders. Innovative approaches such as haploidentical stem cell transplantation, new monoclonal antibodies and immunotherapies as well as Chimeric Antigen Receptor T-cell (CAR-T cell) therapies are on the way as promising treatment options especially for patients with refractory hematologic malignancies and even in solid tumors. However, there are still some challenges remaining before some of these therapies are translated into clinical application. In this paper, HSCs including its properties, niches, clinical usage and its contribution to modern medicine today and in the future will be discussed.

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Abbreviations

ALL:

Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia

AML:

Acute Myeloblastic Leukemia

ASC:

Adult Stem Cell

CAR T-cell:

Chimeric Antigen Receptor T-cell

CY:

Cyclophosphamide

DFS:

Disease Free Survival

ESFT:

Ewing Sarcoma Family tumors

FL:

Follicular Lymphoma

GvHD:

Graft versus Host Disease

HD:

Hodgkin’s Disease

HSC:

Hematopoietic Stem Cell

HSCT:

Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation

IPS:

Induced Pluripotent Cell

MCL:

Mantle Cell Lymphoma

MDS:

Myelodysplastic Syndrome

MM:

Multiple Myeloma

NHL:

Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma

NRM:

Non-relapse Mortality

PBSC:

Peripheral Blood Stem Cell

PNET:

Primitive Neuroectodermal Tumors

RIC:

Reduced Intensity Conditioning

SLE:

Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

TRM:

Transplant Related Mortality

UD:

Unrelated Donor

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Hematology, Ankara University Medical School, Ankara, Turkey

    Sinem Civriz Bozdağ, Meltem Kurt Yüksel & Taner Demirer

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  1. Sinem Civriz Bozdağ
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  2. Meltem Kurt Yüksel
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  3. Taner Demirer
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Correspondence to Taner Demirer .

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  1. Ottawa Hospital Research Institute (Retired), Ottawa, Ontario, Canada

    Kursad Turksen

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Bozdağ, S.C., Yüksel, M.K., Demirer, T. (2018). Adult Stem Cells and Medicine. In: Turksen, K. (eds) Cell Biology and Translational Medicine, Volume 1. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology(), vol 1079. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/5584_2018_184

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