Skip to main content

Metals in biology: past, present, and future

Part of the Topics in Current Genetics book series (TCG,volume 14)

Abstract

This chapter reviews basic concepts in metal biology and suggests a vision for the future of metals in medicine. Important developments in the field include the discovery of metallochaperones that prevent free metals from reeking havoc inside of cells. These intracellular metal ion carriers may work in conjunction with scaffold proteins or may deliver their cargo directly to metalloenzymes or metal transport proteins. Another area reviewed is the mechanism of metalloid uptake and detoxification. This leads into the future of metals in medicine, using examples from past and recent history.

Keywords

These keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.

Buying options

Chapter
USD   29.95
Price excludes VAT (Canada)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD   259.00
Price excludes VAT (Canada)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD   329.00
Price excludes VAT (Canada)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD   329.99
Price excludes VAT (Canada)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Learn about institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  • 1. Abernathy CO, Thomas DJ, Calderon RL (2003) Health effects and risk assessment of arsenic. J Nutr 133:1536S-1538S

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • 2. Agre P, Kozono D (2003) Aquaporin water channels: molecular mechanisms for human diseases. FEBS Lett 555:72-78

    CrossRef  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • 3. Alam MG, Allinson G, Stagnitti F, Tanaka A, Westbrooke M (2002) Arsenic contamination in Bangladesh groundwater: a major environmental and social disaster. Int J Environ Health Res 12:235-253

    CrossRef  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • 4. Allikmets R, Raskind WH, Hutchinson A, Schueck ND, Dean M, Koeller DM (1999) Mutation of a putative mitochondrial iron transporter gene (ABC7) in X-linked sideroblastic anemia and ataxia (XLSA/A). Hum Mol Genet 8:743-749

    CrossRef  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • 5. Alper G, Narayanan V (2003) Friedreich's ataxia. Pediatr Neurol 28:335-341

    CrossRef  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • 6. Balk J, Lill R (2004) The cell's cookbook for iron–sulfur clusters: recipes for fool's gold? Chembiochem 5:1044-1049

    CrossRef  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • 7. Barkay T, Miller SM, Summers AO (2003) Bacterial mercury resistance from atoms to ecosystems. FEMS Microbiol Rev 27:355-384

    CrossRef  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • 8. Bentley R, Chasteen TG (2002) Arsenic curiosa and humanity. Chem Educator 7:51-60

    CrossRef  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • 9. Berks BC, Palmer T, Sargent F (2003) The Tat protein translocation pathway and its role in microbial physiology. Adv Microb Physiol 47:187-254

    CrossRef  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • 10. Blasco F, Dos Santos JP, Magalon A, Frixon C, Guigliarelli B, Santini CL, Giordano G (1998) NarJ is a specific chaperone required for molybdenum cofactor assembly in nitrate reductase A of Escherichia coli. Mol Microbiol 28:435-447

    CrossRef  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • 11. Bobrowicz P, Ulaszewski S (1998) Arsenical-induced transcriptional activation of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae ACR2 and ACR3 genes requires the presence of the ACR1 gene product. Cell Mol Biol Lett 3:13-20

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • 12. Bobrowicz P, Wysocki R, Owsianik G, Goffeau A, Ulaszewski S (1997) Isolation of three contiguous genes, ACR1, ACR2 and ACR3, involved in resistance to arsenic compounds in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Yeast 13:819-828

    CrossRef  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • 13. Borgnia M, Nielsen S, Engel A, Agre P (1999) Cellular and molecular biology of the aquaporin water channels. Annu Rev Biochem 68:425-458

    CrossRef  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • 14. Buesseler KO, Andrews JE, Pike SM, Charette MA (2004) The effects of iron fertilization on carbon sequestration in the Southern Ocean. Science 304:414-417

    CrossRef  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • 15. Bun-ya M, Shikata K, Nakade S, Yompakdee C, Harashima S, Oshima Y (1996) Two new genes, PHO86 and PHO87, involved in inorganic phosphate uptake in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Curr Genet 29:344-351

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • 16. Canovas D, Mukhopadhyay R, Rosen BP, de Lorenzo V (2003) Arsenate transport and reduction in the hyper-tolerant fungus Aspergillus sp. P37. Environ Microbiol 5:1087-1093

    CrossRef  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • 17. Carbrey JM, Gorelick-Feldman DA, Kozono D, Praetorius J, Nielsen S, Agre P (2003) Aquaglyceroporin AQP9: solute permeation and metabolic control of expression in liver. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 100:2945-2950

    CrossRef  PubMed  CAS  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • 18. Carlin A, Shi W, Dey S, Rosen BP (1995) The ars operon of Escherichia coli confers arsenical and antimonial resistance. J Bacteriol 177:981-986

    PubMed  CAS  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • 19. Carter NS, Fairlamb AH (1993) Arsenical-resistant trypanosomes lack an unusual adenosine transporter. Nature 361:173-176

    CrossRef  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • 20. Chen CA, Cowan JA (2003) Characterization of the soluble domain of the ABC7 type transporter Atm1. J Biol Chem 278:52681-52688

    CrossRef  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • 21. Chen GQ, Zhu J, Shi XG, Ni JH, Zhong HJ, Si GY, Jin XL, Tang W, Li XS, Xong SM, Shen ZX, Sun GL, Ma J, Zhang P, Zhang TD, Gazin C, Naoe T, Chen SJ, Wang ZY, Chen Z (1996) In vitro studies on cellular and molecular mechanisms of arsenic trioxide (As2O3) in the treatment of acute promyelocytic leukemia: As2O3 induces NB4 cell apoptosis with downregulation of Bcl-2 expression and modulation of PML-RAR alpha/PML proteins. Blood 88:1052-1061

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • 22. Chen Y, Dey S, Rosen BP (1996) Soft metal thiol chemistry is not involved in the transport of arsenite by the Ars pump. J Bacteriol 178:911-913

    PubMed  CAS  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • 23. Chen Y, Rosen BP (1997) Metalloregulatory properties of the ArsD repressor. J Biol Chem 272:14257-14262

    CrossRef  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • 24. Chloupkova M, LeBard LS, Koeller DM (2003) MDL1 is a high copy suppressor of ATM1: evidence for a role in resistance to oxidative stress. J Mol Biol 331:155-165

    CrossRef  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • 25. Clemons WM Jr, Menetret JF, Akey CW, Rapoport TA (2004) Structural insight into the protein translocation channel. Curr Opin Struct Biol 14:390-396

    CrossRef  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • 26. Coale KH, Johnson KS, Chavez FP, Buesseler KO, Barber RT, Brzezinski MA, Cochlan WP, Millero FJ, Falkowski PG, Bauer JE, Wanninkhof RH, Kudela RM, Altabet MA, Hales BE, Takahashi T, Landry MR, Bidigare RR, Wang X, Chase Z, Strutton PG, Friederich GE, Gorbunov MY, Lance VP, Hilting AK, Hiscock MR, Demarest M, Hiscock WT, Sullivan KF, Tanner SJ, Gordon RM, Hunter CN, Elrod VA, Fitzwater SE, Jones JL, Tozzi S, Koblizek M, Roberts AE, Herndon J, Brewster J, Ladizinsky N, Smith G, Cooper D, Timothy D, Brown SL, Selph KE, Sheridan CC, Twining BS, Johnson ZI (2004) Southern Ocean iron enrichment experiment: carbon cycling in high- and low-Si waters. Science 304:408-414

    CrossRef  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • 27. Csere P, Lill R, Kispal G (1998) Identification of a human mitochondrial ABC transporter, the functional orthologue of yeast Atm1p. FEBS Lett 441:266-270

    CrossRef  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • 28. Culotta VC, Joh HD, Lin SJ, Slekar KH, Strain J (1995) A physiological role for Saccharomyces cerevisiae copper/zinc superoxide dismutase in copper buffering. J Biol Chem 270:29991-29997

    CrossRef  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • 29. Culotta VC, Klomp LW, Strain J, Casareno RL, Krems B, Gitlin JD (1997) The copper chaperone for superoxide dismutase. J Biol Chem 272:23469-23472

    CrossRef  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • 30. Dey S, Dou D, Tisa LS, Rosen BP (1994) Interaction of the catalytic and the membrane subunits of an oxyanion- translocating ATPase. Arch Biochem Biophys 311:418-424

    CrossRef  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • 31. Dey S, Ouellette M, Lightbody J, Papadopoulou B, Rosen BP (1996) An ATP-dependent As(III)-glutathione transport system in membrane vesicles of Leishmania tarentolae. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 93:2192-2197

    CrossRef  PubMed  CAS  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • 32. Dey S, Rosen BP (1995) Dual mode of energy coupling by the oxyanion-translocating ArsB protein. J Bacteriol 177:385-389

    PubMed  CAS  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • 33. Eisenstein RS (2000) Iron regulatory proteins and the molecular control of mammalian iron metabolism. Annu Rev Nutr 20:627-662

    CrossRef  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • 34. Fairlamb AH, Blackburn P, Ulrich P, Chait B, Cerami A (1985) Trypanothione: a novel bis(glutathionyl)spermidine cofactor for glutathione reductase in trypanosomatids. Science 227:1485-1487

    CrossRef  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • 35. Field LS, Luk E, Culotta VC (2002) Copper chaperones: personal escorts for metal ions. J Bioenerg Biomembr 34:373-379

    CrossRef  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • 36. Fu D, Libson A, Miercke LJ, Weitzman C, Nollert P, Krucinski J, Stroud RM (2000) Structure of a glycerol-conducting channel and the basis for its selectivity. Science 290:481-486

    CrossRef  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • 37. Gerber J, Neumann K, Prohl C, Muhlenhoff U, Lill R (2004) The yeast scaffold proteins Isu1p and Isu2p are required inside mitochondria for maturation of cytosolic Fe/S proteins. Mol Cell Biol 24:4848-4857

    CrossRef  PubMed  CAS  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • 38. Ghosh M, Shen J, Rosen BP (1999) Pathways of As(III) detoxification in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 96:5001-5006

    CrossRef  PubMed  CAS  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • 39. Glerum DM, Shtanko A, Tzagoloff A (1996) Characterization of COX17, a yeast gene involved in copper metabolism and assembly of cytochrome oxidase. J Biol Chem 271:14504-14509

    CrossRef  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • 40. Gourbal B, Sonuc N, Bhattacharjee H, Legare D, Sundar S, Ouellette M, Rosen BP, Mukhopadhyay R (2004) Drug uptake and modulation of drug resistance in Leishmania by an aquaglyceroporin. J Biol Chem 279:31010-31017

    CrossRef  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • 41. Grondin K, Haimeur A, Mukhopadhyay R, Rosen BP, Ouellette M (1997) Co-amplification of the gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase gene gsh1 and of the ABC transporter gene pgpA in arsenite-resistant Leishmania tarentolae. Embo J 16:3057-3065

    CrossRef  PubMed  CAS  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • 42. Haimeur A, Conseil G, Deeley RG, Cole SP (2004) The MRP-related and BCRP/ABCG2 multidrug resistance proteins: biology, substrate specificity and regulation. Curr Drug Metab 5:21-53

    CrossRef  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • 43. Haimeur A, Guimond C, Pilote S, Mukhopadhyay R, Rosen BP, Poulin R, Ouellette M (1999) Elevated levels of polyamines and trypanothione resulting from overexpression of the ornithine decarboxylase gene in arsenite- resistant Leishmania. Mol Microbiol 34:726-735

    CrossRef  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • 44. Hamson GC, Stosick AJ (1938) The molecular structure of arsenious oxide, As4O6, phosphorus trioxide, P4O6, phosphorus pentoxide, P4010, and hexamethylenetetramine, (CH6),N4, by electron diffraction. J Am Chem Soc 60:1814-1822

    CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  • 45. Heller KB, Lin EC, Wilson TH (1980) Substrate specificity and transport properties of the glycerol facilitator of Escherichia coli. J Bacteriol 144:274-278

    PubMed  CAS  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • 46. Kala SV, Neely MW, Kala G, Prater CI, Atwood DW, Rice JS, Lieberman MW (2000) The MRP2/cMOAT transporter and arsenic-glutathione complex formation are required for biliary excretion of arsenic. J Biol Chem 275:33404-33408

    CrossRef  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • 47. Kispal G, Csere P, Guiard B, Lill R (1997) The ABC transporter Atm1p is required for mitochondrial iron homeostasis. FEBS Lett 418:346-350

    CrossRef  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • 48. Kispal G, Csere P, Prohl C, Lill R (1999) The mitochondrial proteins Atm1p and Nfs1p are essential for biogenesis of cytosolic Fe/S proteins. Embo J 18:3981-3989

    CrossRef  PubMed  CAS  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • 49. Lamb AL, Wernimont AK, Pufahl RA, Culotta VC, O'Halloran TV, Rosenzweig AC (1999) Crystal structure of the copper chaperone for superoxide dismutase. Nat Struct Biol 6:724-729

    CrossRef  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • 50. Legare D, Richard D, Mukhopadhyay R, Stierhof YD, Rosen BP, Haimeur A, Papadopoulou B, Ouellette M (2001) The Leishmania ATP-binding cassette protein PGPA is an intracellular metal-thiol transporter ATPase. J Biol Chem 276:26301-26307

    CrossRef  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • 51. Li ZS, Szczypka M, Lu YP, Thiele DJ, Rea PA (1996) The yeast cadmium factor protein (YCF1) is a vacuolar glutathione S-conjugate pump. J Biol Chem 271:6509-6517

    CrossRef  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • 52. Lin SJ, Pufahl RA, Dancis A, O'Halloran TV, Culotta VC (1997) A role for the Saccharomyces cerevisiae ATX1 gene in copper trafficking and iron transport. J Biol Chem 272:9215-9220

    CrossRef  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • 53. Liu Z, Boles E, Rosen BP (2004) Arsenic trioxide uptake by hexose permeases in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. J Biol Chem 279:17312-17318

    CrossRef  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • 54. Liu Z, Carbrey JM, Agre P, Rosen BP (2004) Arsenic trioxide uptake by human and rat aquaglyceroporins. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 316:1178-1185

    CrossRef  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • 55. Liu Z, Shen J, Carbrey JM, Mukhopadhyay R, Agre P, Rosen BP (2002) Arsenite transport by mammalian aquaglyceroporins AQP7 and AQP9. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 99:6053-6058

    CrossRef  PubMed  CAS  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • 56. Locher KP (2004) Structure and mechanism of ABC transporters. Curr Opin Struct Biol 14:426-431

    CrossRef  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • 57. Lopez-Archilla AI, Marin I, Amils R (2001) Microbial community composition and ecology of an acidic aquatic environment: the Tinto River, Spain. Microb Ecol 41:20-35

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • 58. Ma LQ, Komar KM, Tu C, Zhang W, Cai Y, Kennelley ED (2001) A fern that hyperaccumulates arsenic. Nature 409:579

    CrossRef  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • 59. Mansy SS, Cowan JA (2004) Iron-sulfur cluster biosynthesis: toward an understanding of cellular machinery and molecular mechanism. Acc Chem Res 37:719-725

    CrossRef  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • 60. Meng YL, Liu Z, Rosen BP (2004) As(III) and Sb(III) uptake by GlpF and efflux by ArsB in Escherichia coli. J Biol Chem 279:18334-18341

    CrossRef  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • 61. Muhlenhoff U, Richhardt N, Ristow M, Kispal G, Lill R (2002) The yeast frataxin homolog Yfh1p plays a specific role in the maturation of cellular Fe/S proteins. Hum Mol Genet 11:2025-2036

    CrossRef  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • 62. Mukhopadhyay R, Dey S, Xu N, Gage D, Lightbody J, Ouellette M, Rosen BP (1996) Trypanothione overproduction and resistance to antimonials and arsenicals in Leishmania. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 93:10383-10387

    CrossRef  PubMed  CAS  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • 63. Mukhopadhyay R, Rosen BP (1998) The Saccharomyces cerevisiae ACR2 gene encodes an arsenate reductase. FEMS Microbiol Lett 168:127-136

    CrossRef  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • 64. Mukhopadhyay R, Rosen BP (2002) Arsenate reductases in prokaryotes and eukaryotes. Environ Health Perspect 110 Suppl 5:745-748

    CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  • 65. Mukhopadhyay R, Shi J, Rosen BP (2000) Purification and characterization of Acr2p, the Saccharomyces cerevisiae arsenate reductase. J Biol Chem 275:21149-21157

    CrossRef  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • 66. Papadopoulou B, Roy G, Dey S, Rosen BP, Ouellette M (1994) Contribution of the Leishmania P-glycoprotein-related gene ltpgpA to oxyanion resistance. J Biol Chem 269:11980-11986

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • 67. Park IS, Hausinger RP (1995) Requirement of carbon dioxide for in vitro assembly of the urease nickel metallocenter. Science 267:1156-1158

    CrossRef  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • 68. Pommier J, Mejean V, Giordano G, Iobbi-Nivol C (1998) TorD, a cytoplasmic chaperone that interacts with the unfolded trimethylamine N-oxide reductase enzyme (TorA) in Escherichia coli. J Biol Chem 273:16615-16620

    CrossRef  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • 69. Preston GM, Carroll TP, Guggino WB, Agre P (1992) Appearance of water channels in Xenopus oocytes expressing red cell CHIP28 protein. Science 256:385-387

    CrossRef  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • 70. Ramirez-Solis A, Mukopadhyay R, Rosen BP, Stemmler TL (2004) Experimental and theoretical characterization of arsenite in water: insights into the coordination environment of As-O. Inorg Chem 43:2954-2959

    CrossRef  PubMed  CAS  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • 71. Ratnaike RN (2003) Acute and chronic arsenic toxicity. Postgrad Med J 79:391-396

    CrossRef  PubMed  CAS  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • 72. Rosen BP (1999) Families of arsenic transporters. Trends Microbiol 7:207-212

    CrossRef  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • 73. Rosen BP (2002) Biochemistry of arsenic detoxification. FEBS Lett 529:86-92

    CrossRef  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • 74. Rosen BP, Dey S, Dou D, Ji G, Kaur P, Ksenzenko M, Silver S, Wu J (1992) Evolution of an ion-translocating ATPase. Ann N Y Acad Sci 671:257-272

    CrossRef  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • 75. Rosenberg B, Vancamp L, Krigas T (1965) Inhibition of cell division in Escherichia coli by electrolysis products from a platinum electrode. Nature 205:698-699

    CrossRef  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • 76. Rosenberg B, VanCamp L, Trosko JE, Mansour VH (1969) Platinum compounds: a new class of potent antitumour agents. Nature 222:385-386

    CrossRef  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • 77. Rosenberg H, Gerdes RG, Chegwidden K (1977) Two systems for the uptake of phosphate in Escherichia coli. J Bacteriol 131:505-511

    PubMed  CAS  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • 78. Rosenzweig AC, Huffman DL, Hou MY, Wernimont AK, Pufahl RA, O'Halloran TV (1999) Crystal structure of the Atx1 metallochaperone protein at 1.02 Å resolution. Structure Fold Des 7:605-617

    CrossRef  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • 79. Sanders OI, Rensing C, Kuroda M, Mitra B, Rosen BP (1997) Antimonite is accumulated by the glycerol facilitator GlpF in Escherichia coli. J Bacteriol 179:3365-3367

    PubMed  CAS  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • 80. Sargent F, Gohlke U, De Leeuw E, Stanley NR, Palmer T, Saibil HR, Berks BC (2001) Purified components of the Escherichia coli Tat protein transport system form a double-layered ring structure. Eur J Biochem 268:3361-3367

    CrossRef  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • 81. Sato T, Kobayashi Y (1998) The ars operon in the skin element of Bacillus subtilis confers resistance to arsenate and arsenite. J Bacteriol 180:1655-1661

    PubMed  CAS  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • 82. Schiering N, Kabsch W, Moore MJ, Distefano MD, Walsh CT, Pai EF (1991) Structure of the detoxification catalyst mercuric ion reductase from Bacillus sp. strain RC607. Nature 352:168-172

    CrossRef  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • 83. Serre L, Rossy E, Pebay-Peyroula E, Cohen-Addad C, Coves J (2004) Crystal structure of the oxidized form of the periplasmic mercury-binding protein MerP from Ralstonia metallidurans CH34. J Mol Biol 339:161-171

    CrossRef  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • 84. Soignet SL, Maslak P, Wang ZG, Jhanwar S, Calleja E, Dardashti LJ, Corso D, DeBlasio A, Gabrilove J, Scheinberg DA, Pandolfi PP, Warrell RPJ Jr (1998) Complete remission after treatment of acute promyelocytic leukemia with arsenic trioxide. N Engl J Med 339:1341-1348

    CrossRef  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • 85. Song HK, Mulrooney SB, Huber R, Hausinger RP (2001) Crystal structure of Klebsiella aerogenes UreE, a nickel-binding metallochaperone for urease activation. J Biol Chem 276:49359-49364

    CrossRef  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • 86. Steele RA, Opella SJ (1997) Structures of the reduced and mercury-bound forms of MerP, the periplasmic protein from the bacterial mercury detoxification system. Biochemistry 36:6885-6895

    CrossRef  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • 87. Strain J, Lorenz CR, Bode J, Garland S, Smolen GA, Ta DT, Vickery LE, Culotta VC (1998) Suppressors of superoxide dismutase (SOD1) deficiency in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Identification of proteins predicted to mediate iron-sulfur cluster assembly. J Biol Chem 273:31138-31144

    CrossRef  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • 88. Stroud RM, Nollert P, Miercke L (2003) The glycerol facilitator GlpF its aquaporin family of channels, and their selectivity. Adv Protein Chem 63:291-316

    CrossRef  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • 89. Tamas MJ, Luyten K, Sutherland FC, Hernandez A, Albertyn J, Valadi H, Li H, Prior BA, Kilian SG, Ramos J, Gustafsson L, Thevelein JM, Hohmann S (1999) Fps1p controls the accumulation and release of the compatible solute glycerol in yeast osmoregulation. Mol Microbiol 31:1087-1104

    CrossRef  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • 90. Tossell JA (1997) Epidemiologic evidence of diabetogenic effect of arsenic. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 61:1613-1623

    CrossRef  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • 91. Veenendaal AK, van der Does C, Driessen AJ (2004) The protein-conducting channel SecYEG. Biochim Biophys Acta 1694:81-95

    CrossRef  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • 92. Vergnes A, Gouffi-Belhabich K, Blasco F, Giordano G, Magalon A (2004) Involvement of the molybdenum cofactor biosynthetic machinery in the maturation of the Escherichia coli nitrate reductase A. J Biol Chem 279:41398-41403

    CrossRef  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • 93. Walz T, Hirai T, Murata K, Heymann JB, Mitsuoka K, Fujiyoshi Y, Smith BL, Agre P, Engel A (1997) The three-dimensional structure of aquaporin-1. Nature 387:624-627

    CrossRef  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • 94. Wong MD, Fan B, Rosen BP (2004) Bacterial transport ATPases for monovalent, divalent and trivalent soft metal ions. In: Futai M, Wada Y, Kaplan JH (eds) Handbook of ATPases. Wiley-VCH, Weinheim, pp 159-178

    Google Scholar 

  • 95. Wong PC, Waggoner D, Subramaniam JR, Tessarollo L, Bartnikas TB, Culotta VC, Price DL, Rothstein J, Gitlin JD (2000) Copper chaperone for superoxide dismutase is essential to activate mammalian Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 97:2886-2891

    CrossRef  PubMed  CAS  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • 96. Wu J, Tisa LS, Rosen BP (1992) Membrane topology of the ArsB protein, the membrane subunit of an anion-translocating ATPase. J Biol Chem 267:12570-12576

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • 97. Wysocki R, Bobrowicz P, Ulaszewski S (1997) The Saccharomyces cerevisiae ACR3 gene encodes a putative membrane protein involved in arsenite transport. J Biol Chem 272:30061-30066

    CrossRef  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • 98. Wysocki R, Chery CC, Wawrzycka D, Van Hulle M, Cornelis R, Thevelein JM, Tamás MJ (2001) The glycerol channel Fps1p mediates the uptake of arsenite and antimonite in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Mol Microbiol 40:1391-1401

    CrossRef  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • 99. Wysocki R, Fortier PK, Maciaszczyk E, Thorsen M, Leduc A, Odhagen A, Owsianik G, Ulaszewski S, Ramotar D, Tamas MJ (2004) Transcriptional activation of metalloid tolerance genes in Saccharomyces cerevisiae requires the AP-1-like proteins Yap1p and Yap8p. Mol Biol Cell 15:2049-2060

    CrossRef  PubMed  CAS  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • 100. Zhang CX, Lippard SJ (2003) New metal complexes as potential therapeutics. Curr Opin Chem Biol 7:481-489

    CrossRef  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • 101. Zhou Y, Messier N, Ouellette M, Rosen BP, Mukhopadhyay R (2004) Leishmania major LmACR2 is a pentavalent antimony reductase that confers sensitivity to the drug Pentostam. J Biol Chem 279:37445-37451

    CrossRef  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Barry P. Rosen .

Editor information

Markus J. Tamas Enrico Martinoia

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2005 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Rosen, B.P. (2005). Metals in biology: past, present, and future. In: Tamas, M.J., Martinoia, E. (eds) Molecular Biology of Metal Homeostasis and Detoxification. Topics in Current Genetics, vol 14. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/4735_94

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics