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Cell Communication in Nervous and Immune System pp 69–97Cite as

Extracellular Matrix and Synaptic Functions

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Part of the book series: Results and Problems in Cell Differentiation ((RESULTS,volume 43))

Abstract

Comprehensive analysis of neuromuscular junction formation and recent data on synaptogenesis and long-term potentiation in the central nervous system revealed a number of extracellular matrix (ECM) molecules regulating different aspects of synaptic differentiation and function. The emerging mechanisms comprise interactions of ECM components with their cell surface receptors coupled to tyrosine kinase activities (agrin, integrin ligands, and reelin) and interactions with ion channels and transmitter receptors (Narp, tenascin-R and tenascin-C). These interactions may shape synaptic transmission and plasticity of excitatory synapses either via regulation of Ca 2+ entry and postsynaptic expression of transmitter receptors or via control of GABAergic inhibition. The ECM molecules, derived from both neurons and glial cells and secreted into the extracellular space in an activity-dependent manner, may also shape synaptic plasticity through setting diffusion constraints for neurotransmitters, trophic factors and ions.

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Abbreviations

AChR:

acetylcholine receptor

AMPA:

alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4 isoxazolepropionic acid

ApoER2:

apolipoprotein E receptor 2

CA1,3:

hippocampal cornu ammonis regions 1,3

CaMKII:

Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II

CNS:

central nervous system

CREB:

cAMP-responsive element-binding protein

CS:

chondroitin sulfate

CSPG:

chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan

ECM:

extracellular matrix

EPSC:

excitatory postsynaptic current

FN:

fibronectin

GABA:

gamma-aminobutyric acid

GIRK:

G-protein-coupled inwardly rectifying K+ channel

GluR1:

glutamate receptor subunit 1

HA:

hyaluronic acid

HB-GAM:

heparin-binding growth-associated molecule

HNK-1:

human natural killer cell antigen 1

HSPG:

heparan sulfate proteoglycan

IAP:

integrin-associated protein

KO:

knock out

LTP:

long-term potentiation

MAPK:

mitogen-activated protein kinase

MMP:

matrix metalloprotease

MuSK:

muscle-specific receptor tyrosine kinase

Narp/NP2:

neuronal activity-regulated pentraxin

NMDA:

N-methyl-D-aspartate

NMJ:

neuromuscular junction

NP1:

neuronal pentraxin 1

NR2B:

NMDA receptor 2B

OPC:

oligodendrocyte progenitor cells

PKC:

protein kinase C

PSA-NCAM:

polysialylated neural cell adhesion molecule

PSI:

phosphacan short isoform

RAP:

receptor-associated protein

RPTP:

receptor protein tyrosine phosphatase

SAP90/PSD-95:

synapse-associated protein 90 kDa/post-synaptic density protein of 95 kD

SV2:

synaptic vesicle protein 2

TN-C:

tenascin-C

TN-R:

tenascin-R

TSP:

thrombospondin

VDCC:

voltage-dependent calcium channel

VLDL:

very low density lipoprotein

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Acknowledgments

Work in our laboratories is supported by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft grants Di 702/4-1 and -2, and Gu 230/5-1 and by the Swiss National Fonds.

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  1. Institut für Neurophysiologie und Pathophysiologie, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany

    Alexander Dityatev

  2. Leibniz-Institut für Neurobiologie, Brenneckestr. 6, 39118, Magdeburg, Germany

    Renato Frischknecht & Constanze I. Seidenbecher

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  1. Alexander Dityatev
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  2. Renato Frischknecht
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  3. Constanze I. Seidenbecher
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Correspondence to Alexander Dityatev .

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Eckart D. Gundelfinger Constanze I. Seidenbecher Burkhart Schraven

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Dityatev, A., Frischknecht, R., Seidenbecher, C.I. (2006). Extracellular Matrix and Synaptic Functions. In: Gundelfinger, E.D., Seidenbecher, C.I., Schraven, B. (eds) Cell Communication in Nervous and Immune System. Results and Problems in Cell Differentiation, vol 43. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg . https://doi.org/10.1007/400_025

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