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Plant Responses to Air Pollution and Global Change pp 195–202Cite as

Pros and cons of CO2 springs as experimental sites

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Summary

The increase of atmospheric CO2 concentrations has stimulated research activity at natural CO2 springs, i.e. CO2-emitting vents mostly occurring at sites of former volcanic action. Besides a number of valuable benefits (long-term CO2 enrichment; CO2 gradients over space; natural conditions; free CO2; cheap experiments; possibility to introduce selected vegetation; source of plant material for controlled-condition experiments), emission from the vents may induce variability in atmospheric (composition, temperature, vertical CO2 gradients, short-term CO2 fluctuations) and soil conditions (pH, temperature, CO2 concentrations), and create an environment differing from the CO2-enrichment scenarios. Biological investigations at CO2 springs should previously record all relevant environmental factors and their co-variance. Here we review pros and cons of CO2 springs with the aim to help the selection of the best CO2 springs and control sites to investigate plant responses to CO2 enrichment in natural conditions.

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Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. IPP-CNR, Via Madonna del Piano, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy

    Elena Paoletti

  2. Institut für Angewandte Botanik, University Duisburg-Essen, Campus Essen, Universitätsstraße 5, 45117, Essen, Germany

    Hardy Pfanz

  3. IBIMET-CNR, Via Madonna del Piano, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy

    Antonio Raschi

Authors
  1. Elena Paoletti
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  2. Hardy Pfanz
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  3. Antonio Raschi
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Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan

    Kenji Omasa (Professor) (Professor)

  2. Agro-Meteorology Group, National Institute for Agro-Environmental Sciences, 3-1-3 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8604, Japan

    Isamu Nouchi (Head) (Head)

  3. Laboratory of Plant Physiology, University of Groningen, P.O. Box 14, 9750 AA, Haren, The Netherlands

    Luit J. De Kok (Professor) (Professor)

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© 2005 Springer-Verlag Tokyo

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Paoletti, E., Pfanz, H., Raschi, A. (2005). Pros and cons of CO2 springs as experimental sites. In: Omasa, K., Nouchi, I., De Kok, L.J. (eds) Plant Responses to Air Pollution and Global Change. Springer, Tokyo. https://doi.org/10.1007/4-431-31014-2_22

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