Conclusions
The incidence of PE is low in Japan compared with Western countries, but it has been increasing in recent years. The reasons for the low incidence may be genetic predisposition, lifestyle, and diagnostic power. On the other hand, the recent increment in incidence may result from changes in lifestyle and improvement in the diagnostic power.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Statistics and Information Department. Patient survey 1999, vol 1. Minister’s Secretariat, Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare, Tokyo, 2001.
Statistics and Information Department. Vital statistics of Japan 1999, vol 3. Minister’s Secretariat, Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare, Tokyo, 2001.
Sakuma M, Takahashi T, Kitamukai O, et al. Mortality from pulmonary embolism in Japan (in Japanese). J Jpn Coll Angiol 2001;41:2001.
Sakuma M, Konno Y, Shirato K. Increasing mortality from pulmonary embolism in Japan, 1951–2000. Circ J 2002;66:1144–9.
Lilienfeld DE. Decreasing mortality from pulmonary embolism in the United States, 1979–1996. Int J Epidemiol 2000;29:465–9.
Hasegawa H, Nagata H, Yamauchi M, et al. Statistical status of pulmonary embolism in Japan (II). Jpn J Chest Dis 1981;40:677–81 (in Japanese).
Mieno T, Kitamura S. Incidence of pulmonary thromboembolism in Japan. Kokyu To Junkan 1989;37:923–7 (in Japanese).
Sakuma M, Takahashi T, Kitamukai O, et al. Incidence of pulmonary embolism in Japan: analysis using “Annual of the pathological autopsy cases in Japan”. Ther Res 2002;23:632–4 (in Japanese).
Thomas WA, Davies JNP, O’Neal RM, et al. Incidence of myocardial infarction correlated with venous and pulmonary thrombosis and embolism: a geographic study based on autopsies in Uganda, East Africa and St. Louis, USA. Am J Cardiol 1960;5:41–7.
Gore I, Hirst AE, Tanaka K. Myocardial infarction and thromboembolism. Arch Intern Med 1964;113:323–30.
Elegbeleye OO, Femi-Pearse D. Pulmonary embolism in Africans. Trop Geogr Med 1975;27:31–3.
Datta BN, Ramesh K, Bhusnurmath B. Autopsy incidence of pulmonary vascular episode: a study of 218 cases. Angiology 1986;37:744–50.
Chau KY, Yuen ST, Ng THK, et al. An autopsy study of pulmonary thromboembolism in Hong Kong Chinese. Pathology 1991;23:181–4.
Awotedu AA, Igbokwe EO, Akang EE, et al. Pulmonary embolism in Ibadan, Nigeria: five years autopsy report. Cent Afr J Med 1992;38:432–5.
Chau KY, Yuen ST, Wong MP. seasonal variation in the necropsy incidence of pulmonary thromboembolism in Hong Kong. J Clin Pathol 1995;48:578–9.
Nakano T, Ito S, Takezawa H. Epidemiology of pulmonary embolism. Jpn Med J 1980;2949:43–7 (in Japanese).
Matsubara O, Sato T, Kitagawa M, et al. Pulmonary thromboembolism: frequency, site, and vascular change in 103 autopsy cases. Am J Cardiovasc Pathol 1989;2:312–28.
Ito M. Pathology of pulmonary embolism. Kokyu To Junkan 1991;39;567–72 (in Japanese).
Nakamura Y, Yutani C, Imaike M, et al. Pathophysiology of clinicopathological aspect of venous thrombosis and pulmonary thromboembolism. Jpn J Phlebol 1996;7:17–22 (in Japanese).
Murai T. Sudden death due to pulmonary thromboembolism. In: Annual report of the study project of sudden death supported by a Japanese Ministry of Health and Welfare Research Grant 1993, 140–142 (in Japanese).
Tanifuji T, Kageyama N, Ro A, et al. A histo-pathological study of fatal pulmonary embolism and deep vein thrombosis: in the study of deep vein thrombosis among forty patients with pulmonary thromboembolism. Jpn J Phlebol 2003;14:189–95 (in Japanese).
Kumasaka N, Sakuma M, Shirato K. Incidence of pulmonary thromboembolism in Japan. Jpn Circ J 1999;63:439–41.
Kitamukai O, Sakuma M, Takahashi T, et al. Incidence and characteristics of pulmonary thromboembolism in Japan 2000. Intern Med 2003;42:1090–4.
Statistics and Information Department. Patient survey 1996, Volume I. Tokyo, 1998.
Statistics and Information Department. Patient survey 1993, vol I. Minister’s Secretariat, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Tokyo, 1995.
The Japanese Society of Pulmonary Embolism Research. Unpublished data.
Silverstein MD, Heit JA, Mohr DN, et al. Trends in the incidence of deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism: a 25-year population-based study. Arch Intern Med 1998;158:585–93.
Klatsky AL, Armstrong MA, Poggi J. Risk of pulmonary embolism and/or deep venous thrombosis in Asian-Americans. Am J Cardiol 2000;85:1334–7.
Sakuma M, Nakamura M, Nakanishi N, et al. The results of the third registry of pulmonary thromboembolism: results of multicenter registry in the Japanese Society of Pulmonary Embolism Research. Ther Res 2004;25:1134–5 (in Japanese).
Okada O, Tanebe N, Yasuda J, et al. Comprehensive study for genetic factors in chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension. In: Annual report of the study project of respiratory failure research committee supported by a Japanese Ministry of Health and Welfare Research Grant 1997. K Planning 1998:140–2 (in Japanese).
Kumasaka N, Sakuma M, Shirato K. Clinical features and predictors of in-hospital mortality in patients with acute and chronic pulmonary thromboembolism. Intern Med 2000;39:1038–43.
Nakamura M, Fujioka H, Yamada N, et al. Clinical characteristics of acute pulmonary thromboembolism in Japan: results of multicenter registry in the Japanese Society of Pulmonary Embolism Research. Clin Cardiol 2001;24:132–238.
Ridker PM, Hennekens CH, Lindpaintner K, et al. Mutation in the gene coding for coagulation factor V and the risk of myocardial infarction, stroke, and venous thrombosis in apparently healthy men. N Engl J Med 1995;332:912–5.
Rees DC, Cox M, Clegg JB. World distribution of factor V Leiden. Lancet 1995;346:1133–4.
Poort SR, Rosendaal FR, Reitsma PH, et al. A common genetic variation in the 3’-untranslated region of the prothorombin gene is associated with elevated plasma prothrombin levels and an increase in venous thrombosis. Blood 1996;88:3698–703.
Tosetto A, Missiaglia E, Frezzato M, et al. The VITA project: prothrombin G20210A mutation and venous thromboembolism in the general population. Thromb Haemostasis 1999;82:1395–8.
Seki T, Okayama H, Kumagai T, et al. Arg506Gln mutation of the coagulation factor V gene not detected in Japanese pulmonary thromboembolism. Heart Vessels 1998; 13:195–8.
Miyata T, Kawasaki T, Fujimura H, et al. The prothrombin gene G20210A mutation is not found among Japanese patients with deep vein thrombosis and healthy individuals. Blood Coagul Fibrinolysis 1998;9:451–2.
The study circle for health and nutrition information. The national nutrition survey in Japan, 2001: Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare, Japan. Diaachi Shuppan, Tokyo, 2003 (in Japanese).
Yoshiike N, Matsumura Y, Zaman MM, et al. Descriptive epidemiology of body mass index in Japanese adults in a representative sample from the National Nutrition Survey 1990–1994. Int J Obes 1998;22:684–7.
Tanaka H, Kokubo Y. Epidemiology of obesity. J Jpn Med Assoc 2003;130:25–30 (in Japanese).
WHO. Obesity: preventing and managing the global epidemic. Report of a WHO consultation. WHO technical report series, no 894. World Health Organization, Geneva, 2000.
Sakuma M, Takahashi T, Kitamukai O, et al. Autopsy incidence of pulmonary thromboembolism. Ther Res 2002;23:632–4 (in Japanese).
Sakuma M, Okada O, Nakamura M, et al. Recent developments in diagnostic imaging techniques and management for acute pulmonary embolism: multicenter registry by the Japanese Society of pulmonary Embolism research. Intern Med 2003;42:470–6.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2005 Springer-Verlag Tokyo
About this paper
Cite this paper
Sakuma, M. et al. (2005). Epidemiology of Pulmonary Embolism in Japan. In: Shirato, K. (eds) Venous Thromboembolism. Springer, Tokyo. https://doi.org/10.1007/4-431-27121-X_1
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/4-431-27121-X_1
Publisher Name: Springer, Tokyo
Print ISBN: 978-4-431-22080-0
Online ISBN: 978-4-431-27121-5
eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)