Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in
Book cover

Spatial Cognition pp 429–446Cite as

Spatial Orientation and Spatial Memory Within a ‘Locomotor Maze’ for Humans

  • Chapter
  • First Online:

Part of the book series: Lecture Notes in Computer Science ((LNAI,volume 1404))

Abstract

Spatial behavior was investigated using a locomotor maze for humans which incorporates basic features of widely used animal paradigms. Experiments are based on the ‘cognitive map’ theory originally put forward by O’Keefe & Nadel [22] and allowed the assessment of place learning, and spatial working and spatial reference memory errors. In our procedure, subjects and patients have to learn and remember five out of twenty locations within a 4 × 5 m area with completely controlled intra- and extramaze cue conditions. Usually, participants learned to reach the criterion. A probe trial from an opposite starting position with transposed intramaze cues followed. Results showed that it is possible to assess cuedependent orientation, to dissociate spatial working memory and spatial reference memory and to identify ‘place-behavior’ using specific parameters derived from inertial navigation theory [16]. This will be demonstrated in selected cases with circumscribed cerebral lesions and in unimpaired subjects.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.

Chapter
USD   29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD   39.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD   54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Learn about institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. Colombo, P.J., Davis, H.P. & Volpe, B.T. (1989). Allocentric spatial and tactile memory impairments in rats with dorsal caudate lesions are affected by preoperative behavioral training. Behavioral Neuroscience, 103, 1242–1250.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. Eichenbaum, H., Stewart, C. & Morris, R.G.M. (1990a). Hippocampal representation in spatial learning. Journal of Neuroscience, 10, 331–339.

    Google Scholar 

  3. Eichenbaum, H., Stewart, C. & Morris, R.G.M. (1990b). Hippocampal representation in place learning. Journal of Neuroscience, 10, 3531–3542.

    Google Scholar 

  4. Farah, M.J., Brunn, J.L., Wong, A.B., Wallace, M.A. & Carpenter, P.A. (1990). Frames of reference for allocating attention to space: Evidence from the neglect syndrome. Neuropsychologia, 28, 335–347.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. Foreman, N., Arber, M. & Savage, J (1984). Spatial memory in preschool infants. Developmental Psychobiology, 17, 129–137.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. Foreman, N., Foreman, D., Cummings, A. & Owens, S. (1990). Locomotion, active choice, and spatial memory in children. The J. of General Psychology, 117, 215–232.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. Foreman, N., Warry, R. & Murray, P. (1990). Development of reference and working spatial memory in preschool children. The Journal of General Psychology, 117(3), 267–276.

    Google Scholar 

  8. Foreman, N,. Gillet, R. & Jones, S. (1994). Choice autonomy and memory for spatial locations in six-year-old children. British Journal of Psychology, 85, 17–27.

    Google Scholar 

  9. Howard, I.P. & Templeton, W.B. (1966). Human spatial orientation. London: Wiley. Kirk, R.E. (1982). Experimental designs: Procedures for the behavioral sciences. Belmont: Brooks & Cole.

    Google Scholar 

  10. Lehnung, M., Leplow, B., Friege, L., Herzog, A., Mehdorn, M. & Ferstl, R. (1997). Development of spatial memory and spatial orientation in preschoolers and primary school children. Accepted for publication by “British Journal of Psychology”.

    Google Scholar 

  11. Leonard, B.J. & McNaughton (1990). Spatial representation in the rat: Conceptual, behavioral and neurophysiological perspectives. In R.P. Kesner and D.S. Olton (Eds.) Neurobiology of comparative cognition, 363–422. Hillsdale: Lawrence Erlbaum.

    Google Scholar 

  12. Leplow, B. (1994). Diesseits von Zeit und Raum: Zur Neuropsychologie der räumlichen Orientierung (Neuropsychology of spatial orientation). Habilitation thesis University of Kiel.

    Google Scholar 

  13. Leplow, B. (1997). Experimentelle Analyse räumlicher Orientierungs-und Gedächtnisleistungen (experimental analysis of spatial orientation and spatial memory performance). Submitted for publication to “Zeitschrift für Experimentelle Psychologie”.

    Google Scholar 

  14. Leplow, B., Höll, D., Zeng, L., Behrens, Chr. & Mehdorn, M. Spatial behavior within a Locomotor Maze for patients with focal brain lesions and healthy subjects. Submitted to “Neuropsychologia”.

    Google Scholar 

  15. Leplow, B., Höll, D., Behrens, K., Zeng, L., Deuschl, G. & Mehdorn, M. Deficits of spatial orientation in patients with Parkinson’s Disease. In preparation for submission to “Neurology”.

    Google Scholar 

  16. McNaughton, B.L., Chen, L.L. & Markus, E.J. (1991). ‘Dead reckoning,’ landmark learning, and the sense of direction: A neurophysiological and computational hypothesis. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 3, 190–202.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. May, M., Péruch, P. & Savoyant, A. (1995). Navigating in a virtual environment with map-acquired knowledge: Encoding and alignment effects. Ecological Psychology, 7, 21–36.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. Morris, R.G.M. (1981). Spatial localization does not require the presence of local cues. Learning and Motivation, 12, 239–260.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. Morris, R.G.M., Garrud, P., Rawlins, J.N.P. & O’Keefe, J. (1982). Place navigation impaired in rats with hippocampal lesions. Nature, 297, 681–683.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. Nadel, L. (1990). Varieties of spatial cognition. Psychological considerations. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 163–636.

    Google Scholar 

  21. Nadel, L. (1991). The hippocampus and space revisited. Hippocampus, 1, 221–229.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  22. O’Keefe, J. & Nadel, L. (1978). The hippocampus as a cognitive map. Oxford: Clarendon Press.

    Google Scholar 

  23. Okaichi, H. & Oshima, Y. (1990). Choice behavior of hippocampectomized rats in the radial arm maze. Psychobiology, 18, 416–421.

    Google Scholar 

  24. O’Keefe, J., Dostrovsky, J. (1971). The hippocampus as a cognitive map. Preliminary evidence from unit activity in freely moving rat. Brain Research, 34, 171–175.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  25. O’Keefe, J. & Nadel, L. (1978). The hippocampus as a cognitive map. Oxford: Clarendon Press.

    Google Scholar 

  26. Olton, D.S., Becker, J.T. & Handelmann, G.E. (1979). Hippocampus, space and memory. The Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 2, 313–365.

    Google Scholar 

  27. Overman, W.H., Pate, B.J., Moore, K. & Peuster, A. (1996). Ontogenecy of place learning in children as measured in the radial arm maze, Morris search task, and open field task. Behavioral Neuroscience, 110, 1205–1228.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  28. Packard, M.G., Hirsh, R. & White, N.M. (1989). Differential effects of fornix and caudate nucleus lesions on two radial maze tasks: Evidence for multiple memory systems. The Journal of Neuroscience, 9, 1465–1472.

    Google Scholar 

  29. Presson, C.C. & Hazelrigg, M.D. (1984). Building spatial representations through primary and secondary learning. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory and Cognition, 10, 716–722.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  30. Presson, C.C., deLange, N. & Hazelrigg, M.D. (1987). Orientation-specificity in kinesthetic spatial learning: The role of multiple orientation. Memory and Cognition, 15, 225–229.

    Google Scholar 

  31. Presson, C.C., deLange, N. & Hazelrigg, M.D. (1989). Orientation specificity in spatial memory: What makes a path different from a map of the path? Journal of Experimental Psychology, Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 15, 887–897.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  32. Ranck, J.B. (1973). Studies on single neurons in dorsal hippocampal formation and septum in unrestrained rats. I. Behavioral correlates and firing repertoires. Experimental Neurology, 41, 461–531.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  33. Taube, J. S., Muller, R. U. & Ranck, J. B. (1990a). Head-direction cells recorded from the postsubiculum in freely moving rats. I. Description and quantitative analysis. Journal of Neuroscience, 10, 420–435.

    Google Scholar 

  34. Taube, J. S., Muller, R. U. & Ranck, J. B. (1990b). Head-direction cells recorded from the postsubiculum in freely moving rats. II. Effects of environmental manipulations. Journal of Neuroscience, 10, 436–447.

    Google Scholar 

  35. Thorndyke, P.W. & Hyes-Roth, B. (1982). Differences in spatial knowledge acquired from maps and navigation, Cogntivie Psychology, 14, 560–589.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  36. Tolman, E.C. (1932). Purposive behavior in animals and men. Appleton-Century-Crofts.

    Google Scholar 

  37. Tolman, E.C. (1949). There is more than one kind of learning. Psychological Review, 56, 144–155.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  38. Zeng, L., Leplow, B., Höll, D. & Mehdorn, M. A computerized model for inertial navigation behavior within a locomotor maze. Prepared for submission.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Psychology, University of Kiel, Olshausenstr. 62, D-24098, Kiel, Germany

    Bernd Leplow, Doris Höll & Lingju Zeng

  2. Clinic of Neurosurgery, University of Kiel, Weimarer Str. 8, D-24106, Kiel, Germany

    Maximilian Mehdorn

Authors
  1. Bernd Leplow
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Doris Höll
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Lingju Zeng
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Maximilian Mehdorn
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Fachbereich Informatik, Universität Hamburg, Vogt-Kölln-Straße 30, D-22527, Hamburg, Germany

    Christian Freksa  & Christopher Habel  & 

  2. Fachbereich Psychologie, Universität Trier, D-54286, Trier, Germany

    Karl F. Wender

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1998 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Leplow, B., Höll, D., Zeng, L., Mehdorn, M. (1998). Spatial Orientation and Spatial Memory Within a ‘Locomotor Maze’ for Humans. In: Freksa, C., Habel, C., Wender, K.F. (eds) Spatial Cognition. Lecture Notes in Computer Science(), vol 1404. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-69342-4_20

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-69342-4_20

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-540-64603-7

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-540-69342-0

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation