Skip to main content

Information Types and Cognitive Principles in Program Comprehension: Towards Adaptable Support for Novice Visual Programmers

  • Conference paper
  • First Online:
Book cover Intelligent Tutoring Systems (ITS 1998)

Part of the book series: Lecture Notes in Computer Science ((LNCS,volume 1452))

Included in the following conference series:

  • 1223 Accesses

Abstract

The authors describe work on the GRiP (Graphical Representations in Programming) Project1, which aims to build a support environment for novices learning to program using a visual programming language (VPL). The design of the environment is based on a series of experiments which investigate issues of visual programming language paradigm, and the ways in which novices extract information from a representation in order to make sense of a program. This paper focuses particularly on the multivariate nature of program comprehension, the difficulties associated with attempting to teach skills of this kind, and suggests a solution in the form of a modular support system.

Funded by EPSRC grants GR/L36987 and GR/L37045 and carried out in collaboration with Jon Oberlander and Richard Cox

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 39.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. Pennington, N.: Comprehension Strategies in Programming. In: Olson, G.M., Sheppard, S., Soloway, E. (eds.): Empirical Studies of Programmers: Second Workshop. Ablex Publishing Corporation, New Jersey (1987a) 100–113 314, 314, 316, 316, 316, 317, 317

    Google Scholar 

  2. Corritore, C.L., Wiedenbeck, S.: What Do Novices Learn During Program Comprehension? International Journal of Human-Computer Interaction, 32 (1991) 199–222 314, 317, 317

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. Soloway, E., Adelson, B., Ehrlich, B.: Knowledge and Processes in the Comprehension of Computer Programs. In: Chi, M.T.H., Glaser, R., Farr, M.J. (eds.): The Nature of Expertise. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Hillsdale (1988) 129–152 314

    Google Scholar 

  4. von Mayrhauser, A., Vans, A.M.: Program Understanding — A Survey. Technical Report, Colorado State University. (1994) 314, 315

    Google Scholar 

  5. Tilley, S.R., Smith, D.B.: Coming Attractions in Program Understanding. Technical Report CMU/SEI-96-TR-019, Carnegie Mellon University. (1996). 315, 315

    Google Scholar 

  6. Green, T.R.G., Petre, M.: Usability Analysis of Visual Programming Environments: A Cognitive Dimensions Framework. Journal of Visual Languages and Computing 7 (1996) 131–174 318

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. Gilmore, D.J., Green, T.R.G.: Comprehension and Recall of Miniature Programs. International Journal of Man-Machine Studies 21 (1984) 31–48 319

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. van Dijk, T.A., Kintsch, W.: Strategies of Discourse Comprehension. Academic Press, New York. (1983) 317

    Google Scholar 

  9. Soloway, E., Jackson, S.L., Klein, J., Quintana, C., Reed, J., Spitulnik, J., Stratford, S.J., Studer, S., Jul, S., Eng, J., Scala, N.: Learning Theory in Practice: Case Studies of Learner-Centered Design. In: Bilger, R., Guest, S., Tauber, M.J. (eds.): CHI’ 96 Proceedings: Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems: Common Ground. ACM. (1996). 322

    Google Scholar 

  10. Brna, P., Cox, R. Adding ‘Intelligence’ to a Learning Environment: A Case of Learner-Centred Design? Journal of Computer Assisted Learning. Accepted for publication in November/December 1998. 322

    Google Scholar 

  11. Davis, A.L., Keller, R.M.: Data Flow Program Graphs. IEEE Computer 1 (1982) 526–541 317

    Google Scholar 

  12. Green, T.R.G.: Cognitive Dimensions of Notations. In: Sutcliffe, A., Macaulay, L. (eds.): People and Computers V. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge (1989) 318

    Google Scholar 

  13. Sweller, J., Chandler, P., Tierney, P., Cooper, M.: Cognitive Load as a Factor in the Structuring of Technical Material. Journal of Experimental Psychology General 119 (1990) 176–192

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. Cooper, G.: Cognitive Load Theory as an Aid for Instructional Design. Australian Journal of Educational Technology 62 (1990) 108–113

    Google Scholar 

  15. Good, J.: The ‘Right’ Tool for the Task: An Investigation of External Representations, Program Abstractions and Task Requirements. In: Gray, W.D., Boehm-Davis, D.A. (eds.): Empirical Studies of Programmers: Sixth Workshop. Ablex Publishing Corporation, New Jersey (1996) 77–98 316, 317

    Google Scholar 

  16. Good, J.: Visual Programming Languages, Programming Paradigms and Program Comprehension. Technical Report, Human Communication Research Centre, The University of Edinburgh. (In Preparation). 316, 317

    Google Scholar 

  17. Pennington, N.: Stimulus Structures and Mental Representations in Expert Comprehension of Computer Programs. Cognitive Psychology 19 (1987b) 295–341

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. Good, J., Brna, P.: Scaffolding for Recursion: Can Visual Languages Help? In: IEE Colloquium on Thinking with Diagrams. IEE. (1996) 7/1–7/3 315, 321

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1998 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

About this paper

Cite this paper

Good, J., Brna, P. (1998). Information Types and Cognitive Principles in Program Comprehension: Towards Adaptable Support for Novice Visual Programmers. In: Goettl, B.P., Halff, H.M., Redfield, C.L., Shute, V.J. (eds) Intelligent Tutoring Systems. ITS 1998. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol 1452. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-68716-5_37

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-68716-5_37

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-540-64770-6

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-540-68716-0

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics