Abstract
Ample experimental evidence has shown the existence of spontaneous density waves in granular material flowing through pipes or hoppers. Using Molecular Dynamics Simulations we show that several types of waves exist and find that these density fluctuations follow a 1/f spectrum. We compare this behaviour to deterministic one-dimensional traffic models. If positions and velocities are continuous variables the model shows self-organized criticality driven by the slowest car. We also present Lattice Gas and Boltzmann Lattice Models which reproduce the experimentally observed effects. Density waves are spontaneously generated when the viscosity has a nonlinear dependence on density which characterizes granular flow.
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© 1994 Springer-Verlag
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Herrmann, H.J., Flekkøy, E., Nagel, K., Peng, G., Ristow, G. (1994). Density waves in granular flow. In: Bardhan, K.K., Chakrabarti, B.K., Hansen, A. (eds) Non-Linearity and Breakdown in Soft Condensed Matter. Lecture Notes in Physics, vol 437. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-58652-0_27
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-58652-0_27
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