Abstract
The acceleration and trapping of protons necessary to explain long duration, high energy, gamma-ray solar flares is modeled as a single process within a coronal loop, where an injected proton spectrum is transported and accelerated by MHD turbulence. The loop is modeled as a leaky box where second-order Fermi-acceleration is a result of the turbulence. Protons accelerated in the coronal loop escape from the ends of the loop (precipitation) into the chromosphere or lower corona where they produce gamma-ray emission. The model provides a method for computing the proton spectrum as it evolves from an initial power law under coupled spatial and momentum diffusion. With reasonable coronal parameters the model yields time-extended relativistic proton precipitation, which peaks up to several hundred seconds after injection. Momentum diffusion is inversely proportional to spatial diffusion for an assumed Alfvén wave field within the coronal loop. Assuming a magnetic field on the order of 100 G, δB/B need only be a few percent if the loop is 105 km in length in order to describe the temporal behavior of the high-energy gamma-ray flare of 3 June 1982.
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Alexander, D., MacKinnon, A.L.: 1993, submitted to Solar Phys.
Chupp, E.L. et al.: 1987, Astrophys. J. 318, 913
Debrunner, H., Flückiger, E., Chupp, E.L., Forrest, D.J.: 1983, “The Solar Cosmic Ray Neutron Event on June 3, 1982”, in Proc. 18th Internat. Cosmic Ray Conf, 4, p. 75
Forrest, D.J., Vestrand, W.T., Chupp, E.L., Rieger, E., Cooper, J., Share, G.H.: 1986, Adv. Space Res. 6, 115
Kanbach, G. et al.: 1993, Astron. Astrophys. Suppl. Ser. 97, 349
Lee, M.A.: 1993, “Stochastic Fermi Acceleration and Solar Cosmic Rays”, in High Energy Solar Phenomena, ed. by J.M. Ryan and W.T. Vestrand, AIP 294, in press
Lingenfelter, R.E.: 1993, “Solar Flare Neutrons and Gamma Rays.”, in High Energy Solar Phenomena, ed. by J.M. Ryan and W.T. Vestrand, AIP 294, in press
Mandzhavidze, N., Ramaty, R.: 1992a, Astrophys. J. Lett. 396, L111
Mandzhavidze, N., Ramaty, R.: 1992b, Astrophys. J. 389, 739
McConnell, M.: 1993, “An Overview of Solar Flare Results from COMPTEL”, in High Energy Solar Phenomena, ed. by J.M. Ryan and W.T. Vestrand, AIP 294, in press
Murphy, R.J., Dermer C.D., Ramaty, R.: 1987, Astrophys. J. 316, L41
Murphy, R.J. et al.: 1993, “OSSE Observations of Solar Flares”, in Compton Symposium, ed. by M. Friedlander, N. Gehrels, and D. Macomb, AIP 280, 619
Ramaty, R., Mandzhavidze, N.: 1993, “Theoretical Models for High Energy Solar Flare Emissions”, in High Energy Solar Phenomena, ed. by J.M. Ryan and W.T. Vestrand, AIP 294, in press
Ryan, J.M.: 1986, Solar Phys. 105, 365
Ryan, J.M., Lee M.A.: 1991, Astrophys. J. 368, 316
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1994 Springer-Verlag
About this paper
Cite this paper
Ryan, J.M., Bennett, E., Lee, M.A. (1994). Proton acceleration in long duration flares. In: Belvedere, G., Rodonò, M., Simnett, G.M. (eds) Advances in Solar Physics. Lecture Notes in Physics, vol 432. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-58041-7_228
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-58041-7_228
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-540-58041-6
Online ISBN: 978-3-540-48420-2
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive