Skip to main content

What is knowledge representation, and where is it going?

  • III. Artificial Intelligence, Cognitive Systems, and Man-Machine Communication
  • Conference paper
  • First Online:

Part of the book series: Lecture Notes in Computer Science ((LNCS,volume 653))

Abstract

Since its very beginnings, Artificial Intelligence (AI) has rested on a foundation of formal representation of knowledge. To date, AI systems have almost universally relied on knowledge bases of symbolically encoded world knowledge and associated formal inference algorithms, which draw implicit conclusions from explicitly represented facts. While Knowledge Representation — the research area that directly addresses languages for representation and the inferences that go along with them — has always been important in AI, the 1980's saw a groundswell of new work in the area, and as we engage the '90's, the field continues to grow and evolve. In this brief overview, I introduce the area, outlining its goals and some of its key concerns. I offer some brief historical remarks and a short description of the evolution of the field over the last dozen years, and conclude with some directions that will carry the field into the mid-’90’s.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. D. G. Bobrow, editor. Special Issue on Non-Monotonic Logic. Artificial Intelligence, 13(1–2), April 1980.

    Google Scholar 

  2. D. G. Bobrow, editor. Special Volume on Qualitative Reasoning about Physical Systems. Artificial Intelligence, 24(1–3), December 1984.

    Google Scholar 

  3. A. Borgida and R. Brachman. Customizable classification inference in the ProtoDL description management system. In Proc. First International Conference on Information and Knowledge Management (CIKM-92), Baltimore, MD, November 1992.

    Google Scholar 

  4. R. J. Brachman. The future of knowledge representation. In Proc. AAAI-90, pages 1082–1092, Boston, MA, July 1990.

    Google Scholar 

  5. R. J. Brachman. 'Reducing’ Classic to practice: Knowledge representation theory meets reality. In Nebel et al. [22].

    Google Scholar 

  6. R. J. Brachman, R. E. Fikes, and H. J. Levesque. Krypton: A functional approach to knowledge representation. IEEE Computer, 16(10):67–73, October 1983.

    Google Scholar 

  7. R. J. Brachman and H. J. Levesque. Competence in knowledge representation. In Proc. AAAI-82, pages 189–192, Pittsburgh, PA, August 1982.

    Google Scholar 

  8. R. J. Brachman and H. J. Levesque. The tractability of subsumption in frame-based description languages. In Proc. AAAI-84, pages 34–37, Austin, TX, August 1984.

    Google Scholar 

  9. R. J. Brachman and H. J. Levesque, editors. Readings in Knowledge Representation. Morgan Kaufmann, San Mateo, CA, 1985.

    MATH  Google Scholar 

  10. R. J. Brachman and J. G. Schmolze. An overview of the Klone knowledge representation system. Cognitive Science, 9(2):171–216, April–June 1985.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. R. J. Brachman and B. C. Smith. Special Issue on Knowledge Representation. SIGART Newsletter, 70, February 1980.

    Google Scholar 

  12. D. W. Etherington. Reasoning with Incomplete Information. Pitman, London, 1988.

    MATH  Google Scholar 

  13. N. V. Findler, editor. Associative Networks: Representation and Use of Knowledge by Computers. Academic Press, New York, 1979.

    MATH  Google Scholar 

  14. M. R. Genesereth, R. E. Fikes, and et al. Knowledge interchange format, version 3.0 reference manual. Technical Report Logic-92-1, Computer Science Department, Stanford University, 1992.

    Google Scholar 

  15. M. L. Ginsberg, editor. Readings in Nonmonotonic Reasoning. Morgan Kaufmann, San Mateo, CA, 1987.

    Google Scholar 

  16. P. J. Hayes. In defence of logic. In Proc. IJCAI-77, pages 559–565, Cambridge, MA, August 1977.

    Google Scholar 

  17. D. B. Lenat and R. V. Guha. Building Large Knowledge-Based Systems. Addison-Wesley, Reading, MA, 1990.

    Google Scholar 

  18. H. J. Levesque. Knowledge representation and reasoning. In Annual Review of Computer Science, Volume 1, pages 255–287. Annual Reviews Inc., Palo Alto, CA, 1986.

    Google Scholar 

  19. D. V. McDermott. The last survey of representation of knowledge. In Proceedings AISB/GI 1978, pages 206–221, 1978.

    Google Scholar 

  20. M. Minsky. A framework for representing knowledge. In P. H. Winston, editor, The Psychology of Computer Vision, pages 211–277. McGraw-Hill, New York, 1975. Also in [9].

    Google Scholar 

  21. D. Mitchell, B. Selman, and H. Levesque. Hard and easy distributions of SAT problems. In Proc. AAAI-92, pages 459–465, San Jose, CA, July 1992.

    Google Scholar 

  22. B. Nebel, C. Rich, and W. Swartout, editors. Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning: Proceedings of the Third International Conference (KR92), Cambridge, MA, October 1992. Morgan Kaufmann.

    Google Scholar 

  23. J. Pearl. Probabilistic Reasoning in Intelligent Systems: Networks of Plausible Inference. Morgan Kaufmann, San Mateo, CA, 1988.

    Google Scholar 

  24. R. Reiter. Nonmonotonic reasoning. In Annual Review of Computer Science, Volume 2, pages 147–186. Annual Reviews Inc., Palo Alto, CA, 1987.

    Google Scholar 

  25. B. Selman, H. Levesque, and D. Mitchell. A new method for solving hard satisfiability problems. In Proc. AAAI-92, pages 440–446, San Jose, CA, July 1992.

    Google Scholar 

  26. B. C. Smith. Reflection and semantics in a procedural language. Technical Report MIT/LCS/TR-272, Laboratory for Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, January 1982.

    Google Scholar 

  27. D. S. Weld and J. de Kleer, editors. Readings in Qualitative Reasoning about Physical Systems. Morgan Kaufmann, San Mateo, CA, 1990.

    Google Scholar 

  28. W. A. Woods. What's in a link: Foundations for semantic networks. In D. G. Bobrow and A. M. Collins, editors, Representation and Understanding: Studies in Cognitive Science, pages 35–82. Academic Press, New York, 1975. Also in [9].

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

A. Bensoussan J. -P. Verjus

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1992 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

About this paper

Cite this paper

Brachman, R.J. (1992). What is knowledge representation, and where is it going?. In: Bensoussan, A., Verjus, J.P. (eds) Future Tendencies in Computer Science, Control and Applied Mathematics. INRIA 1992. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol 653. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-56320-2_59

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-56320-2_59

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-540-56320-4

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-540-47520-0

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics