Abstract
Since its very beginnings, Artificial Intelligence (AI) has rested on a foundation of formal representation of knowledge. To date, AI systems have almost universally relied on knowledge bases of symbolically encoded world knowledge and associated formal inference algorithms, which draw implicit conclusions from explicitly represented facts. While Knowledge Representation — the research area that directly addresses languages for representation and the inferences that go along with them — has always been important in AI, the 1980's saw a groundswell of new work in the area, and as we engage the '90's, the field continues to grow and evolve. In this brief overview, I introduce the area, outlining its goals and some of its key concerns. I offer some brief historical remarks and a short description of the evolution of the field over the last dozen years, and conclude with some directions that will carry the field into the mid-’90’s.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
D. G. Bobrow, editor. Special Issue on Non-Monotonic Logic. Artificial Intelligence, 13(1–2), April 1980.
D. G. Bobrow, editor. Special Volume on Qualitative Reasoning about Physical Systems. Artificial Intelligence, 24(1–3), December 1984.
A. Borgida and R. Brachman. Customizable classification inference in the ProtoDL description management system. In Proc. First International Conference on Information and Knowledge Management (CIKM-92), Baltimore, MD, November 1992.
R. J. Brachman. The future of knowledge representation. In Proc. AAAI-90, pages 1082–1092, Boston, MA, July 1990.
R. J. Brachman. 'Reducing’ Classic to practice: Knowledge representation theory meets reality. In Nebel et al. [22].
R. J. Brachman, R. E. Fikes, and H. J. Levesque. Krypton: A functional approach to knowledge representation. IEEE Computer, 16(10):67–73, October 1983.
R. J. Brachman and H. J. Levesque. Competence in knowledge representation. In Proc. AAAI-82, pages 189–192, Pittsburgh, PA, August 1982.
R. J. Brachman and H. J. Levesque. The tractability of subsumption in frame-based description languages. In Proc. AAAI-84, pages 34–37, Austin, TX, August 1984.
R. J. Brachman and H. J. Levesque, editors. Readings in Knowledge Representation. Morgan Kaufmann, San Mateo, CA, 1985.
R. J. Brachman and J. G. Schmolze. An overview of the Klone knowledge representation system. Cognitive Science, 9(2):171–216, April–June 1985.
R. J. Brachman and B. C. Smith. Special Issue on Knowledge Representation. SIGART Newsletter, 70, February 1980.
D. W. Etherington. Reasoning with Incomplete Information. Pitman, London, 1988.
N. V. Findler, editor. Associative Networks: Representation and Use of Knowledge by Computers. Academic Press, New York, 1979.
M. R. Genesereth, R. E. Fikes, and et al. Knowledge interchange format, version 3.0 reference manual. Technical Report Logic-92-1, Computer Science Department, Stanford University, 1992.
M. L. Ginsberg, editor. Readings in Nonmonotonic Reasoning. Morgan Kaufmann, San Mateo, CA, 1987.
P. J. Hayes. In defence of logic. In Proc. IJCAI-77, pages 559–565, Cambridge, MA, August 1977.
D. B. Lenat and R. V. Guha. Building Large Knowledge-Based Systems. Addison-Wesley, Reading, MA, 1990.
H. J. Levesque. Knowledge representation and reasoning. In Annual Review of Computer Science, Volume 1, pages 255–287. Annual Reviews Inc., Palo Alto, CA, 1986.
D. V. McDermott. The last survey of representation of knowledge. In Proceedings AISB/GI 1978, pages 206–221, 1978.
M. Minsky. A framework for representing knowledge. In P. H. Winston, editor, The Psychology of Computer Vision, pages 211–277. McGraw-Hill, New York, 1975. Also in [9].
D. Mitchell, B. Selman, and H. Levesque. Hard and easy distributions of SAT problems. In Proc. AAAI-92, pages 459–465, San Jose, CA, July 1992.
B. Nebel, C. Rich, and W. Swartout, editors. Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning: Proceedings of the Third International Conference (KR92), Cambridge, MA, October 1992. Morgan Kaufmann.
J. Pearl. Probabilistic Reasoning in Intelligent Systems: Networks of Plausible Inference. Morgan Kaufmann, San Mateo, CA, 1988.
R. Reiter. Nonmonotonic reasoning. In Annual Review of Computer Science, Volume 2, pages 147–186. Annual Reviews Inc., Palo Alto, CA, 1987.
B. Selman, H. Levesque, and D. Mitchell. A new method for solving hard satisfiability problems. In Proc. AAAI-92, pages 440–446, San Jose, CA, July 1992.
B. C. Smith. Reflection and semantics in a procedural language. Technical Report MIT/LCS/TR-272, Laboratory for Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, January 1982.
D. S. Weld and J. de Kleer, editors. Readings in Qualitative Reasoning about Physical Systems. Morgan Kaufmann, San Mateo, CA, 1990.
W. A. Woods. What's in a link: Foundations for semantic networks. In D. G. Bobrow and A. M. Collins, editors, Representation and Understanding: Studies in Cognitive Science, pages 35–82. Academic Press, New York, 1975. Also in [9].
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1992 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this paper
Cite this paper
Brachman, R.J. (1992). What is knowledge representation, and where is it going?. In: Bensoussan, A., Verjus, J.P. (eds) Future Tendencies in Computer Science, Control and Applied Mathematics. INRIA 1992. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol 653. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-56320-2_59
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-56320-2_59
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-540-56320-4
Online ISBN: 978-3-540-47520-0
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive