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Silicon Nitride Ceramics

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High Performance Non-Oxide Ceramics II

Part of the book series: Structure and Bonding ((STRUCTURE,volume 102))

Abstract

Silicon nitride ceramics is a generic term for a variety of alloys of Si3N4 with additional compounds necessary for a complete densification of the Si3N4 starting powder. They are heterogeneous, multicomponent materials characterised by the inherent properties of the crystalline modifications α and β of Si3N4 and the significant influence of the densification additives. With a view to ability of the α and β modification to form solid solutions α-Si3N4 (αss) and β-Si3N4 (βss) solid solutions can be distinguished. Each group contains engineered materials with interesting properties for special applications. Phase relations and micro-structures determine the properties decisively. Composition of the phases, the distribution of the grains, their aspect ratio and the grain boundary phase are pronounced microstructural features. The formation of the microstructure strongly depends on the one hand on the quality of the Si3N4 starting powders, which closely is related to the chemistry of the production process, and on the other on the liquid phase sintering as the most important step in the densification route. The interrelation between pure Si3N4, the densification of the powder including the role of sintering additives, microstructural engineering, physicochemical properties of the sintered Si3N4 ceramics (SSN, GPSN, HPSN, HIP-SSN, HIP-SN) are described in more detail and compared to reaction bonded Si3N4 ceramics (RBSN), which are produced by nitridation of silicon powders.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Max-Planck-Institut für Metallforschung, Heisenbergstr. 5, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany

    G. Petzow

  2. Fraunhofer Institut für Keramische Technologien und Sinterwerkstoffe, Winterbergstrasse 28, 01277, Dresden, Germany

    M. Herrmann

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  1. Max-Planck-Institut für Festkörperforschung, Heisenbergstraße 1, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany

    Martin Jansen

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Petzow, G., Herrmann, M. (2002). Silicon Nitride Ceramics. In: Jansen, M. (eds) High Performance Non-Oxide Ceramics II. Structure and Bonding, vol 102. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-45623-6_2

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