Introduction

Abstract

The great achievements in particle accelerator science over the past several decades have permitted physicists to study structures and interactions of particles at ever smaller distance scales. The field of deep inelastic scattering (DIS) of leptons on hadrons started out with the experiments at SLAC in the late 1960s, which observed a granular substructure of the nucleon and paved the way for the success of the quark—parton model. Remarkable progress was later achieved by a series of fixed-target experiments at CERN and FNAL with electron, muon and (anti)neutrino beams of energies up to several hundred GeV.