Abstract
Dense shading is defined as a light intensity of less than 2% of the available sunlight (Larcher 2001). This lack of light inhibits growth in every sense: shoot elongation is reduced; young plants remain small, leaf mass is low and ramification inhibited; the crowns of old pines are reduced in size due to shading from neighbouring trees.
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© 2008 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
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(2008). Wood Structural Modifications Caused by Extreme Events. In: Atlas of Woody Plant Stems. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-32525-5_11
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-32525-5_11
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-540-32523-9
Online ISBN: 978-3-540-32525-3
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