Skip to main content

Compartmentalized Activation of Immune Cells During Sepsis and Organ Dysfunction

  • Conference paper
Mechanisms of Sepsis-Induced Organ Dysfunction and Recovery

Part of the book series: Update in Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine ((UICMSOFT,volume 44))

Conclusion

Compartmentalization of the inflammatory response is a key feature of sepsis and SIRS. Tissue injury can be initiated far away from a distant insult. Blood borne elements are supposed to prevent initiation of deleterious inflammatory response within tissues. However, other circulating elements contribute to the ignition of inflammation at remote sites.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 189.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 249.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 329.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. Müller-Alouf H, Alouf J, Gerlach D, Ozegowski J, Fitting C, Cavaillon JM (1994) Comparative study of cytokine release by human peripheral blood mononuclear cells stimulated with Streptococcus pyogenes superantigen erythrogenic toxins, heat-killed streptococci and lipopolysaccharide. Infect Immun 62:4915–4921

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  2. Cavaillon JM (1994) Cytokines and macrophages. Biomed Pharmacother 48:445–453

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Huang Q, Liu D, Majewski P, et al (2001) The plasticity of dendritic cell responses to pathogens and their components. Science 294:870–875

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Feezor RJ, Oberholzer C, Baker HV, et al (2003) Molecular characterization of the acute inflammatory response to infections with gram-negative versus gram-positive bacteria. Infect Immun 71:5803–5813

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Yu SL, Chen HW, Yang PC, et al (2004) Differential gene expression in gram-negative and gram-positive sepsis. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 169:1135–1143

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  6. Opal SM, Scannon PJ, Vincent JL, et al (1999) Relationship between plasma levels of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and LPS-binding protein in patients with severe sepsis and septic shock. J Infect Dis 180:1584–1598

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Cavaillon JM, Munoz C, Fitting C, Misset B, Carlet J (1992) Circulating cytokines: the tip of the iceberg ? Circ Shock 38:145–152

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Suojaranta-Ylinen R, Ruokonen E, Pulkki K, Mertsola J, Takala J (1997) Preoperative glutamine loading does not prevent endotoxemia in cardiac surgery. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 41, 385–91.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Cabie A, Farkas JC, Fitting C, et al (1993) High levels of portal TNFα during abdominal aortic surgery in man. Cytokine 5:448–453

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Kelly JL, O’Sullivan C, O’Riordain M, et al (1997) Is circulating endotoxin the trigger for the systemic inflammatory response syndrome seen after injury ? Ann Surgery 225:530–543

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Marshall JC, Foster D, Vincent JL, et al (2004) Diagnostic and prognostic implications of endotoxemia in critical illness: results of the MEDIC study. J Infect Dis 190:527–534

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Adrie C, Adib-Conquy M, Laurent I, et al (2002) Successful cardiopulmonary resuscitation after cardiac arrest as a “sepsis like” syndrome. Circulation 106:562–568

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  13. Moller AS, Bjerre A, Brusletto B, Joo GB, Brandtzaeg P, Kierulf P (2005) Chemokine patterns in meningococcal disease. J Infect Dis 191:768–775

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Hellman J, Roberts JDJ, Tehan MM, Allaire JE, Warren HS (2002) Bacterial peptidoglycan-associated lipoprotein is released into the bloodstream in gram-negative sepsis and causes inflammation and death in mice. J Biol Chem 277:14274–14280

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Shimizu T, Tani T, Endo Y, Hanasawa K, Tsuchiya M, Kodama M (2002) Elevation of plasma peptidoglycan and peripheral blood neutrophil activation during hemorrhagic shock: plasma peptidoglycan reflects bacterial translocation and may affect neutrophil activation. Crit Care Med 30:77–82

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Swank GM, Deitch EA (1996) Role of the gut in multiple organ failure: bacterial translocation and permeability changes. World J Surg 20:411–417

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Smith PD, Suffredini AF, Allen JB, Wahl LM, Parrillo JE, Wahl SM (1994) Endotoxin administration to humans primes alveolar macrophages for increased production of inflammatory mediators. J Clin Immunol 14, 141–148

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Christman JW, Petras SF, Hacker M, Absher PM, Davis GS (1988) Alveolar macrophage function is selectively altered after endotoxemia in rats. Infect Immun 56:1254–1259

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Simpson SQ, Modi HN, Balk RA, Bone RC, Casey LC (1991) Reduced alveolar macrophage production of tumor necrosis factor during sepsis in mice and men. Crit CareMed 19:1060–1066

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Cavaillon JM, Adib-Conquy M, Cloëz-Tayarani I, Fitting C (2001) Immunodepression in sepsis and SIRS assessed by ex vivo cytokine production is not a generalized phenomenon: a review. J Endotoxin Res 7:85–93

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Dehoux MS, Boutten A, Ostinelli J, et al (1994) Compartmentalized cytokine production within the human lung in unilateral pneumonia. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 150:710–716

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Schwartz MD, Moore E, Moore FA, et al (1996) Nuclear factor-kappa B is activated in alveolar macrophages from patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome. Crit Care Med 24:1285–1292

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. Moine P, McIntyre R, Schwartz MD, et al (2000) NF-κB regulatory mechanisms in alveolar macrophages from patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome. Shock 13:85–91

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Fieren MWJA, Van Den Bemd GJ, Bonta IL (1990) Endotoxin-stimulated peritoneal macrophages obtained from continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis patients show an increased capacity to release interleukin-1b in vitro during infectious peritonitis. Eur J Clin Invest 20:453–457

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. Wu MY, Ho HN, Chen SU, Chao KH, Chen CD, Yang YS (1999) Increase in the production of IL-6, IL-10 and IL-12 by LPS stimulated peritoneal macrophages from women with endometriosis. Am J Reprod Immunol 41:106–111

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. Wichmann MW, Ayala A, Chaudry IH (1997) Male sex steroids are responsible for depressing macrophage immune function after trauma-hemorrhage. Am J Physiol 273:C1335–C1340.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. Wu JZ, Ogle CK, Fisher JE, Warden GD, Ogle JD (1995) The mRNA expression and in vitro production of cytokines and other proteins by hepatocytes and Kupffer cells following thermal injury. Shock 3:268–273

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. Shenkar R, Abraham E (1999) Mechanisms of lung neutrophil activation after hemorrhage or endotoxemia: roles of reactive oxygen intermediates, NF-κB and cyclic AMP response element binding protein. J Immunol 163:954–962

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. Abraham E, Arcaroli J, Shenkar R (2001) Activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinases, NF-κB, and cyclic adenosine 5′-monophosphate response element binding protein in lung neutrophils occurs by differing mechanisms after hemorrhage or endotoxemia. J Immunol 166:522–530

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. Ethuin F, Delarche C, Gougerot-Pocidalo MA, Eurin B, Jacob L, Chollet-Martin S (2003) Regulation of interleukin 12 p40 and p70 production by blood and alveolar phagocytes during severe sepsis. Lab Invest 83:1353–1360

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. Kermarrec N, Selloum S, Plantefeve G, et al (2005) Regulation of peritoneal and systemic neutrophil-derived tumor necrosis factor-alpha release in patients with severe peritonitis: role of tumor necrosis factor-alpha converting enzyme cleavage. Crit Care Med 33:1359–1364

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. Badgwell B, Parihar R, Magro C, Dierksheide J, Russo T, Carson WE 3rd (2002) Natural killer cells contribute to the lethality of a murine model of Escherichia coli infection. Surgery 132:205–212

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  33. Goldmann O, Chhatwal GS, Medina E (2005) Contribution of natural killer cells to the pathogenesis of septic shock induced by Streptococcus pyogenes in mice. J Infect Dis 191:1280–1286

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  34. Kanwar S, Kubes P (1994) Mast cells contribute to ischemia-reperfusion-induced granulocyte infiltration and intestinal dysfunction. Am J Physiol 267:G316–G321

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  35. Echtenacher B, Männel D, Hültner L (1996) Critical protective role of mast cells in a model of acute septic peritonitis. Nature 381:75–77

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  36. Malavija R, Ikeda T, Ross E, Abraham S (1996) Mast cell modulation of neutrophil influx and bacterial clearance at sites of infection through TNFα. Nature 381:77–80

    Article  Google Scholar 

  37. Chinnaiyan AM, Huber-Lang M, Kumar-Sinha C, et al (2001)Molecular signatures of sepsis: multiorgan gene expression profiles of systemic inflammation. Am J Pathol 159:1199–1209

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  38. Mercer-Jones MA, Shrotri MS, Peyton JC, Remick DG, Cheadle WG (1999) Neutrophil sequestration in liver and lung is differentially regulated by C-X-C chemokines during experimental peritonitis. Inflammation 23:305–319

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  39. VanOtteren GM, Strieter RM, Kunkel SL, et al (1995) Compartmentalized expression of RANTES in a murine model of endotoxemia. J Immunol 154:1900–1908

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  40. Koay MA, Christman JW, Wudel LJ, et al (2002) Modulation of endotoxin-induced NF-kappa B activation in lung and liver through TNF type 1 and IL-1 receptors. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 283:L1247–L1254

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  41. Kadokami T, McTiernan CF, Kubota T, et al (2001) Effects of soluble TNF receptor treatment on lipopolysaccharide-induced myocardial cytokine expression. Am J Physiol 280: H2281–H2291

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  42. Callery MP, Mangino MJ, Flye MW (1991) A biologic basis for limited Kupffer cell reactivity to portal-derived endotoxin. Surgery 110:221–230

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  43. Marie C, Losser MR, Fitting C, Kermarrec N, Payen D, Cavaillon JM (1997) Cytokines and soluble cytokines receptors in pleural effusions from septic and nonseptic patients. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 156:1515–1522

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  44. Fang WH, Yao YM, Shi ZG, et al (2003) The mRNA expression patterns of tumor necrosis factor-alpha and TNFR-I in some vital organs after thermal injury. World J Gastroenterol 9: 1038–1044

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  45. Douzinas EE, Tsidemiadou PD, Pitaridis MT, et al (1997) The regional production of cytokines and lactate in sepsis-related multiple organ failure. Am Respir Crit Care Med 155:53–59

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  46. Boujoukos AJ, Martich GD, Supinski E, Suffredini AF (1993) Compartmentalization of the acute cytokine response in humans after intravenous endotoxin administration. J Appl Physiol 74:3027–3033

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  47. Carlsen H, Moskaug JO, Fromm SH, Blomhoff R (2002) In vivo imaging of NF-κB activity. J Immunol 168:1441–1446

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  48. Molina PE, Bagby GJ, Stahls P (2001) Hemorrhage alters neuroendocrine, hemodynamic, and compartment-specific TNF responses to LPS. Shock 16:459–465

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  49. Donnelly SC, Strieter RM, Reid PT, et al (1996) The association between mortality rates and decreased concentrations of interleukin-10 and interleukin-1 receptor antagonist in the lung fluids of patients with the adult respiratory distress syndrome. Ann Intern Med 125:191–196

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  50. Deitch EA, Xu D, Franko L, Ayala A, Chaudry IH (1994) Evidence favoring the role of the gut as a cytokine-generating organ in rats subjected to hemorrhagic shock. Shock 1:141–145

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  51. Dugernier TL, Laterre PF, Wittebole X, et al (2003) Compartmentalization of the inflammatory response during acute pancreatitis: correlation with local and systemic complications. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 168:148–157

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  52. Sharshar T, Gray F, Lorin de la Grandmaison G, et al (2003) Apoptosis of neurons in cardiovascular autonomic centres triggered by inducible nitric oxide synthase after death from septic shock. Lancet 362:1799–1805

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  53. Diab A, Zhu J, Lindquist L, Wretlind B, Link H, Bakhiet M (1997) Cytokine mRNA profiles during the course of experimental Haemophilus influenzae bacterial meningitis. Clin Immunol Immunopathol 85:236–245

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  54. Tanaka N, Kita T, Kasai K, Nagano T (1994) The immunocytochemical localization of tumor necrosis factor and leukotriene in the rat heart and lung during endotoxin shock. Virchows Arch 424:273–277

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  55. Rabuel C, Renaud E, Brealey D, et al (2004) Human septic myopathy: induction of cyclooxy-genase, heme oxygenase and activation of the ubiquitin proteolytic pathway. Anesthesiology 101:583–590

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  56. Annane D, Sanquer S, Sebille V, et al (2000) Compartmentalised inducible nitric-oxide synthase activity in septic shock. Lancet 355:1143–1148

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  57. Giroir BP, Johnson JH, Brown T, Allen GL, Beutler B (1992) The tissue distribution of tumor necrosis factor biosynthesis during endotoxemia. J Clin Invest 90:693–698

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  58. Cavaillon JM, Fitting C, Adib-Conquy M (2004) Mechanisms of immunodysregulation in sepsis. Contrib Nephrol 144:76–93

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  59. Adib-Conquy M, Adrie C, Moine P, et al (2000) NF-κB expression in mononuclear cells of septic patients resembles that observed in LPS-tolerance. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 162: 1877–1883

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  60. Adib-Conquy M, Asehnoune K, Moine P, Cavaillon JM (2001) Longterm impaired expression of nuclear factor-kB and IkBa in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of patients with major trauma. J Leukoc Biol 70:30–38

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  61. Escoll P, del Fresno C, Garcia L, et al (2003) Rapid up-regulation of IRAK-M expression following a second endotoxin challenge in human monocytes and in monocytes isolated from septic patients. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 311:465–472

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  62. Adib-Conquy M, Moine P, Asehnoune K, et al (2003) Toll-like receptor-mediated tumor necrosis factor and interleukin-10 production differ during systemic inflammation. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 168:158–164

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  63. Annane D, Bellissant E, Cavaillon JM (2005) Septic shock. Lancet 365:63–78

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  64. Sir O, Fazal N, Choudhry MA, Goris RJ, Gamelli RL, Sayeed MM (2000) Role of neutrophils in burn-induced microvascular injury in the intestine. Shock 14, 113–117

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  65. Parsey MV, Tuder RM, Abraham E (1998) Neutrophils are major contributors to intraparenchymal lung IL-1 beta expression after hemorrhage and endotoxemia. J Immunol 160:1007–1013

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  66. Murphy DB, Cregg N, Tremblay L, et al (2000) Adverse ventilatory strategy causes pulmonary-to-systemic translocation of endotoxin. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 162:27–33

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  67. Tracey KJ (2002) The inflammatory reflex. Nature 420:853–859

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  68. Borovikova LV, Ivanova S, Zhang M, et al (2000) Vagus nerve stimulation attenuates the systemic inflammatory response to endotoxin. Nature 405:458–462

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  69. Wang H, Yu M, Ochani M, et al (2003) Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor alpha7 subunit is an essential regulator of inflammation. Nature 421:384–388

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  70. Saeed RW, Varma S, Peng-Nemeroff T, et al (2005) Cholinergic stimulation blocks endothelial cell activation and leukocyte recruitment during inflammation. J Exp Med 201:1113–1123

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  71. Straub RH, Pongratz G, Weidler C, et al (2005) Ablation of the sympathetic nervous system decreases gram-negative and increases gram-positive bacterial dissemination: key roles for tumor necrosis factor/phagocytes and interleukin-4/lymphocytes. J Infect Dis 192:560–572

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2007 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

About this paper

Cite this paper

Cavaillon, J.M., Adib-Conquy, M. (2007). Compartmentalized Activation of Immune Cells During Sepsis and Organ Dysfunction. In: Abraham, E., Singer, M. (eds) Mechanisms of Sepsis-Induced Organ Dysfunction and Recovery. Update in Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine, vol 44. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg . https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-30328-6_11

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-30328-6_11

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-540-30157-8

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-540-30328-2

  • eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics