Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in
Book cover

Diagnostic Nuclear Medicine pp 135–152Cite as

Hepatobiliary Scintigraphy

  • Chapter

Part of the book series: Medical Radiology ((Med Radiol Diagn Imaging))

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.

Chapter
USD   29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD   169.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD   249.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD   219.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Learn about institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  • Achong DM, Oates E (1991) The cystic duct sign during morphine-augmented cholescintigraphy. Clin Nucl Med 16:627–629

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Achong DM, Tenorio LE (2003) Early morphine administration to expedite gallbladder visualization during cholescintigraphy for acute cholecystitis. Clin Nucl Med 28:723–724

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Achong DM, Newman JS, Oates E (1992) False-negative morphine-augmented cholescintigraphy: a case of subacute gallbladder perforation. J Nucl Med 33:256–257

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Adams DB, Tarnasky PR, Hawes RH, Cunningham JT, Brooker C, Brothers TE, Cotton PB (1998) Outcome after laparoscopic cholecystectomy for chronic acalculous cholecystitis. Am Surg 64:1–5; discussion 5–6

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Annese V, Caruso N, Accadia L, Gabbrielli A, Modoni S, Frusciante V, Federici T (1991) Gallbladder function and gastric liquid emptying in achalasia. Dig Dis Sci 36:1116–1120

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Arose B, Shreeve WW, Baim RS, Atkins HL (1987) Phantom gallbladder. A variant of the rim sign. Clin Nucl Med 12:457–460

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Balsam D, Wasserstein GJ (1990) Spontaneous perforation of the common bile duct in children. Radiology 174:578

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Banzo I, Blanco I, Gutierrez-Mendiguchia C, Gomez-Barquin R, Quirce R, Carril JM (1998) Hepatobiliary scintigraphy for the diagnosis of bile leaks produced after T-tube removal in orthotopic liver transplantation. Nucl Med Commun 19:229–236

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Barlas D, Margouleff D, Vignogna-Barlas L, Lesser ML (2002) Opioids prolong nuclear hepatobiliary imaging when given prior to scanning. J Emerg Med 23:231–236

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Benson AJ, Reinschmidt J, Billingsley JL, Timmons JH, Parish GH (2001) Biliary-colonic fistula diagnosed via hepatobiliary scintigraphy. Clin Nucl Med 26:150–151

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bertalan V, Madacsy L, Pavics L, Lonovics J (2004) Scintigraphic sign of functional biliary obstruction is pathognomic for sphincter of Oddi dysfunction. Hepatogastroenterology 51:76–81

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bhatnagar A, Mondal A, Pathania OP, Dhawan RT, Chopra MK, Khanna CM (1995) Efficacy of hepatobiliary scintigraphy in demonstrating cholangio-colic fistulae. Is formation of internal biliary fistula related to external leak closure? Clin Nucl Med 20:318–321

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bobba VR, Krishnamurthy GT, Kingston E, Turner FE, Brown PH, Langrell K (1984) Gallbladder dynamics induced by a fatty meal in normal subjects and patients with gallstones: concise communication. J Nucl Med 25:21–24

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Borly L, Stage JG, Gronvall S, Hojgaard L (1995) Cholescintigraphy in patients with acute cholecystitis before and after percutaneous gallbladder drainage. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 7:1093–1097

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Boulahdour H, Cherqui D, Charlotte F, Rahmouni A, Dhumeaux D, Zafrani ES, Meignan M (1993) The hot spot hepatobiliary scan in focal nodular hyperplasia. J Nucl Med 34:2105–2110

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Brachman MB, Tanasescu DE, Ramanna L, Waxman AD (1984) Acute gangrenous cholecystitis: radionuclide diagnosis. Radiology 151:209–211

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Brown JF, Buchanan JW, Wagner HN Jr (1981) Pitfalls in technetium-99m HIDA biliary imaging: duodenal diverticulum simulating the gallbladder. J Nucl Med 22:747–748

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Brown PH, Juni JE, Lieberman DA, Krishnamurthy GT (1988) Hepatocyte versus biliary disease: a distinction by deconvolutional analysis of technetium-99m IDA time-activity curves. J Nucl Med 29:623–630

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Brown RK, Memsic LD, Busuttil RW, Pusey E, Ray RA, Kangarloo H, Hawkins RA (1986) Accurate demonstration of hepatic infarction in liver transplant recipients. J Nucl Med 27:1428–1431

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Buchpiguel CA, Sapienza MT, Vezzozzo DP, Rockman R, Cerri GG, Magalhaes AE (1996) Gallbladder emptying in normal volunteers. Comparative study between cholescintigraphy and ultrasonography. Clin Nucl Med 21:208–212

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bushnell DL, Perlman SB, Wilson MA, Polcyn RE (1986) The rim sign: association with acute cholecystitis. J Nucl Med 27:353–356

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Cabana MD, Alavi A, Berlin JA, Shea JA, Kim CK, Williams SV (1995) Morphine-augmented hepatobiliary scintigraphy: a meta-analysis. Nucl Med Commun 16:1068–1071

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Canfield AJ, Hetz SP, Schriver JP, Servis HT, Hovenga TL, Cirangle PT, Burlingame BS (1998) Biliary dyskinesia: a study of more than 200 patients and review of the literature. J Gastrointest Surg 2:443–448

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Catnach SM, Fairclough PD, Trembath RC, O’Donnell LJ, McLean AM, Law PA, Wickham JE (1992) Effect of oral erythromycin on gallbladder motility in normal subjects and subjects with gallstones. Gastroenterology 102:2071–2076

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Chen CC, Holder LE, Maunoury C, Drachenberg CI (1997) Morphine augmentation increases gallbladder visualization in patients pretreated with cholecystokinin. J Nucl Med 38:644–647

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Choy D, Shi EC, McLean RG, Hoschl R, Murray IP, Ham JM (1984) Cholescintigraphy in acute cholecystitis: use of intravenous morphine. Radiology 151:203–207

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Cicala M, Scopinaro F, Corazziari E, Vignoni A, Viscardi A, Habib FI, Torsoli A (1991) Quantitative cholescintigraphy in the assessment of choledochoduodenal bile flow. Gastroenterology 100:1106–1113

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Cicala M, Habib FI, Vavassori P, Pallotta N, Schillaci O, Costamagna G, Guarino MP, Scopinaro F, Fiocca F, Torsoli A, Corazziari E (2002) Outcome of endoscopic sphincterotomy in post cholecystectomy patients with sphincter of Oddi dysfunction as predicted by manometry and quantitative choledochoscintigraphy. Gut 50:665–668

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Coleman RE, Freitas JE, Fink-Bennett DM, Bree RL (1984) The dilated cystic duct sign. A potential cause of false-negative cholescintigraphy. Clin Nucl Med 9:134–136

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Corazziari E, Shaffer EA, Hogan WJ, Sherman S, Toouli J (1999) Functional disorders of the biliary tract and pancreas. Gut 45[Suppl 2]:II48–II54

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Cozzolino HJ, Goldstein F, Greening RR, Wirts CW (1963) The cystic duct syndrome. JAMA 185:920–924

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Craig AG, Peter D, Saccone GT, Ziesing P, Wycherley A, Toouli J (2003) Scintigraphy versus manometry in patients with suspected biliary sphincter of Oddi dysfunction. Gut 52:352–357

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Cullen JJ, Maes EB, Aggrawal S, Conklin JL, Ephgrave KS, Mitros FA (2000) Effect of endotoxin on opossum gallbladder motility: a model of acalculous cholecystitis. Ann Surg 232:202–207

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • D’Alonzo W, Velchik MG (1984) Post cholecystectomy syndrome due to a cystic duct remnant diagnosed by hepatobiliary scintigraphy. Clin Nucl Med 9:719–720

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • De Boer SY, Masclee AA, Lam WF, Lemkes HH, Schipper J, Frohlich M, Jansen JB, Lamers CB (1994) Effect of hyperglycaemia on gallbladder motility in type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus. Diabetologia 37:75–81

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • DeRidder P, Fink-Bennett D (1984) The dilated common duct sign. A potential indicator of a sphincter of Oddi dyskinesia. Clin Nucl Med 9:262–263

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Donohoe KJ, Woolfenden JM, Stemmer JL (1987) Biliary imaging suggesting common duct obstruction in acute viral hepatitis. Case report. Clin Nucl Med 12:711–712

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Drane WE, Nelp WB, Rudd TG (1984) The need for routine delayed radionuclide hepatobiliary imaging in patients with intercurrent disease. Radiology 151:763–769

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Dumont RC, Caniano DA (1999) Hypokinetic gallbladder disease: a cause of chronic abdominal pain in children and adolescents. J Pediatr Surg 34:858–861; discussion 861–852

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Dunn FH, Christensen ED, Reynolds J, Jones V, Fordtran JS (1974) Cholecystokinin cholecystography. Controlled evaluation in the diagnosis and management of patients with possible acalculous gallbladder disease. Jama 228:997–1003

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Edlund G, Kempi V, van der Linden W (1982) Transient nonvisualization of the gallbladder by Tc-99m HIDA cholescintigraphy in acute pancreatitis: concise communication. J Nucl Med 23:117–120

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Engeler CM, Kuni CC, Nakhleh R, Engeler CE, duCret RP, Boudreau RJ (1992) Liver transplant rejection and cholestasis: comparison of technetium 99m-diisopropyl iminodiacetic acid hepatobiliary imaging with liver biopsy. Eur J Nucl Med 19:865–870

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ewins DL, Javaid A, Coskeran PB, Shah S, Butler J, Deprez PH, Miell J, Calam J, Barrett JJ, Dawson JM, et al. (1992) Assessment of gall bladder dynamics, cholecystokinin release and the development of gallstones during octreotide therapy for acromegaly. Q J Med 83:295–306

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Falco E, Magliani L, Biassoni P, Barbera F, Costa R, Schenone F, Conzi GF (1993) Biliary surgery and cholescintigraphy with iminodiacetic acid (IDA) analogs. An evaluation of the results and the complications. Minerva Chir 48:387–392

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Fig LM, Wahl RL, Stewart RE, Shapiro B (1990) Morphine-augmented hepatobiliary scintigraphy in the severely ill: caution is in order. Radiology 175:467–473

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Fisher RS, Rock E, Levin G, Malmud L (1987a) Effects of somatostatin on gallbladder emptying. Gastroenterology 92:885–890

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Fisher RS, Rock E, Malmud LS (1987b) Effects of meal composition on gallbladder and gastric emptying in man. Dig Dis Sci 32:1337–1344

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Flancbaum L, Choban PS (1995) Use of morphine cholescintigraphy in the diagnosis of acute cholecystitis in critically ill patients. Intensive Care Med 21:120–124

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Flancbaum L, Alden SM, Trooskin SZ (1989) Use of cholescintigraphy with morphine in critically ill patients with suspected cholecystitis. Surgery 106:668–673; discussion 673–664

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Floyd JL, Collins TL (1983) Discordance of sonography and cholescintigraphy in acute biliary obstruction. AJR Am J Roentgenol 140:501–502

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Fong YC, Hsu HC, Sun SS, Kao A, Lin CC, Lee CC (2003) Impaired gallbladder function in spinal cord injury on quantitative Tc-99m DISIDA cholescintigraphy. Abdom Imaging 28:87–91

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Freitas JE, Gulati RM (1980) Rapid evaluation of acute abdominal pain by hepatobiliary scanning. JAMA 244:1585–1587

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Freitas JE, Coleman RE, Nagle CE, Bree RL, Krewer KD, Gross MD (1983) Influence of scan and pathologic criteria on the specificity of cholescintigraphy: concise communication. J Nucl Med 24:876–879

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Gani JS (1998) Can sincalide cholescintigraphy fulfil the role of a gall-bladder stress test for patients with gall-bladder stones? Aust NZ J Surg 68:514–519

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Garrigues V, Ponce J, Cano C, Sopena R, Hoyos M, del Val A, Berenguer J (1992) Effect of selective and nonselective muscarinic blockade on cholecystokinin-induced gallbladder emptying in man. Dig Dis Sci 37:101–104

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Gelfand MJ, Smith HS, Ryckman FC, Balistreri WF, Specker B, Caron KH, Pedersen SH (1992) Hepatobiliary scintigraphy in pediatric liver transplant recipients. Clin Nucl Med 17:542–549

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Gilbert SA, Brown PH, Krishnamurthy GT (1987) Quantitative nuclear hepatology. J Nucl Med Technol 15:38–43

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Goncalves RM, Harris JA, Rivera DE (1998) Biliary dyskinesia: natural history and surgical results. Am Surg 64:493–497; discussion 497–498

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Grimaldi C, Darcourt J, Harris AG, Lebot E, Lapalus F, Delmont J (1993) Cholescintigraphic study of effect of somatostatin analog, octreotide, on bile secretion and gallbladder emptying in normal subjects. Dig Dis Sci 38:1718–1721

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Gupta S, Rajagopal S, Chander R, Sawroop K, Bhatnagar A (2000) Giant duodenal diverticulum: a cause of false-positive findings of magnetic resonance imaging, cholangiopancreatography, and hepatobiliary scintigraphy. Clin Nucl Med 25:1037–1038

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hadigan C, Fishman SJ, Connolly LP, Treves ST, Nurko S (2003) Stimulation with fatty meal (Lipomul) to assess gallbladder emptying in children with chronic acalculous cholecystitis. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 37:178–182

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hasl DM, Ruiz OR, Baumert J, Gerace C, Matyas JA, Taylor PH, Kennedy GM (2001) A prospective study of bile leaks after laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Surg Endosc 15:1299–1300

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Herrlin K (1995) The diagnosis of anastomotic leak after gastroesophagostomy with biliary scintigraphy. Clin Nucl Med 20:709–711

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hicks RJ, Kelly MJ, Kalff V (1990) Association between false negative hepatobiliary scans and initial gallbladder visualization after 30 min. Eur J Nucl Med 16:747–753

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hladic WB III, Norenberg JP (1996) Radiopharmaceuticals for hepatobiliary imaging. In: Robert E Henkin MD, FACNP (ed) Nuclear medicine, vol II. Mosby, St Louis, pp 986–996

    Google Scholar 

  • Hopman WP, van Liessum PA, Pieters GF, Jansen JB, Lamers CB, Smals AG, Rosenbusch G, Kloppenborg PW (1992) Postprandial gallbladder motility and plasma cholecystokinin at regular time intervals after injection of octreotide in acromegalics on long-term treatment. Dig Dis Sci 37:1685–1690

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Jacobson AF (1995) False-negative morphine-augmented hepatobiliary scintigraphy with a rim sign. Clin Nucl Med 20:579–582

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Jamart J (2000) Cholescintigraphy in the diagnosis of acute acalculous cholecystitis. Eur J Nucl Med 27:459–461

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Johnson CD (2003) Arris & Gale lecture. Regulation and responses of gallbladder muscle activity in health and disease. Ann R Coll Surg Engl 85:297–305

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kalff V, Froelich JW, Lloyd R, Thrall JH (1983) Predictive value of an abnormal hepatobiliary scan in patients with severe intercurrent illness. Radiology 146:191–194

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kalloo AN, Sostre S, Meyerrose GE, Pasricha PJ, Szabo Z (1994) Gallbladder ejection fraction. Nondiagnostic for sphincter of Oddi dysfunction in patients with intact gallbladders. Clin Nucl Med 19:713–719

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kao CH, Hsieh JF, Tsai SC, Ho YJ, Chen SD (2000) Evidence of impaired gallbladder function in patients with liver cirrhosis by quantitative radionuclide cholescintigraphy. Am J Gastroenterol 95:1301–1304

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Karesh SM (1996) Principles of radiopharmacy. In: Robert E, Henkin MD, FACNP (ed) Nuclear medicine, vol I. Mosby, St Louis, pp 334–349

    Google Scholar 

  • Keller IA, Weissmann HS, Kaplun LL, Freeman LM (1984) The use of water ingestion to distinguish the gallbladder and duodenum on cholescintigrams. Radiology 152:811–813

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Khosla R, Singh A, Miedema BW, Marshall JB (1997) Cholecystectomy alleviates acalculous biliary pain in patients with a reduced gallbladder ejection fraction. South Med J 90:1087–1090

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kim CK, Palestro CJ, Solomon RW, Molinari DS, Lee SO, Goldsmith SJ (1990) Delayed biliary-to-bowel transit in cholescintigraphy after cholecystokinin treatment. Radiology 176:553–556

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kim CK, Yun M, Lim JK, Lin X, Krynyckyi BR, Machac J (2000) Refinement of the positive predictive value of gallbladder nonvisualization after morphine administration for acute cholecystitis based on the temporal pattern of common bile duct activity. Clin Nucl Med 25:603–607

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Klieger PS, O’Mara RE (1998) The clinical utility of quantitative cholescintigraphy: the significance of gallbladder dysfunction. Clin Nucl Med 23:278–282

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Klingensmith WC 3rd, Spitzer VM, Fritzberg AR, Kuni CC (1981a) The normal fasting and postprandial diisopropyl-IDA Tc 99m hepatobiliary study. Radiology 141:771–776

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Klingensmith WC 3rd, Whitney WP, Spitzer VM, Klintmalm GB, Koep LM, Kuni CC (1981b) Effect of complete biliarytract obstruction on serial hepatobiliary imaging in an experimental model: concise communication. J Nucl Med 22:866–868

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Krishnamurthy GT, Krishnamurthy S (2002) Hepatic bile entry into and transit pattern within the gallbladder lumen: a new quantitative cholescintigraphic technique for measurement of its concentration function. J Nucl Med 43:901–908

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Krishnamurthy GT, Krishnamurthy S (2003) What value is normal for gallbladder ejection fraction, and how is it established? Radiology 226:593–594; author reply 594–595

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Krishnamurthy GT, Turner FE (1990) Pharmacokinetics and clinical application of technetium 99m-labeled hepatobiliary agents. Semin Nucl Med 20:130–149

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Krishnamurthy S, Krishnamurthy GT (1988) Nuclear hepatology: where is it heading now? J Nucl Med 29:1144–1149

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Krishnamurthy S, Krishnamurthy GT (1996) Cholecystokinin and morphine pharmacological intervention during 99mTc-HIDA cholescintigraphy: a rational approach. Semin Nucl Med 26:16–24

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lantsberg S, Lanchbury EE, Drolc ZA (1990) Evaluation of bile duct complications after orthotopic liver transplantation by hepatobiliary scanning. Nucl Med Commun 11:761–769

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lantz MM, Sziklas JJ, Spencer RP (1994) Massive gastric dilatation secondary to small bowel obstruction. Demonstration by hepatobiliary images. Clin Nucl Med 19:464

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Larsen MJ, Klingensmith WC 3rd, Kuni CC (1982) Radionuclide hepatobiliary imaging: nonvisualization of the gallbladder secondary to prolonged fasting. J Nucl Med 23:1003–1005

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lee JK (2001) Tc-99m DISIDA hepatobiliary scintigraphy showing bile leakage into the thoracic cavity. Clin Nucl Med 26:861–862

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lee MJ, Zuckier LS, Zalta B, Fine E (2001) The persistently absent bowel loop: a sign of mass effect on the bowel detected by cholescintigraphy. Clin Nucl Med 26:939–940

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lieberman DA, Krishnamurthy GT (1986) Intrahepatic versus extrahepatic cholestasis. Discrimination with biliary scintigraphy combined with ultrasound. Gastroenterology 90:734–743

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lineaweaver W, Robertson J, Rumley T (1985) PIPIDA scan diagnosis of traumatic rupture of the gallbladder. Injury 16:238–240

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Llamas-Elvira JM, Sopena R, Martinez-Paredes M, Jimenez-Heffernan A, Gonzalez FM, Torres M, Latre JM, Mateo A (1990) Muscarinic control of gallbladder dynamics. A study using 99Tcm-HIDA and cholinergic agonists and antagonists. Nucl Med Commun 11:813–817

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Loberg MD, Cooper M, Harvey E, Callery P, Faith W (1976) Development of new radiopharmaceuticals based on N-substitution of iminodiacetic acid. J Nucl Med 17:633–638

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Loken MK, Ascher NL, Boudreau RJ, Najarian JS (1986) Scintigraphic evaluation of liver transplant function. J Nucl Med 27:451–459

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lorberboym M, Machado M, Glajchen N, Pertsemlidis D (1996) Transient false-positive hepatobiliary scan associated with ceftriaxone therapy. Clin Nucl Med 21:4–7

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lowry PA, Tran HD (1991) Delayed visualization of the gallbladder with a rim sign. An unusual finding in chronic cholecystitis. Clin Nucl Med 16:1–3

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Mackie CR, Baxter JN, Grime JS, Hulks G, Cuschieri A (1987) Gall bladder emptying in normal subjects — a data base for clinical cholescintigraphy. Gut 28:137–141

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Majd M, Reba RC, Altman RP (1981) Hepatobiliary scintigraphy with 99mTc-PIPIDA in the evaluation of neonatal jaundice. Pediatrics 67:140–145

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Malagelada JR, Holtermuller KH, Sizemore GW, Go VL (1976) The influence of hypercalcemia on basal and cholecystokinin-stimulated pancreatic, gallbladder, and gastric functions in man. Gastroenterology 71:405–408

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Marshall DG, Brabyn DG, Vezina WC (1984) Spontaneous perforation of the common bile duct in infancy detected by 99mTc HIDA scanning. Can J Surg 27:590–591

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Masclee AA, Jansen JB, Driessen WM, Geuskens LM, Lamers CB (1990) Effect of truncal vagotomy on cholecystokinin release, gallbladder contraction, and gallbladder sensitivity to cholecystokinin in humans. Gastroenterology 98:1338–1344

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Massie JD, Moinuddin M, Phillips JC (1983) Acute calculous cholecystitis with patent cystic duct. AJR Am J Roentgenol 141:39–42

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Meekin GK, Ziessman HA, Klappenbach RS (1987) Prognostic value and pathophysiologic significance of the rim sign in cholescintigraphy. J Nucl Med 28:1679–1682

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Mekhtikhanov ZS, Nesterov VG, Astap’eva ON (1991) Quantitative hepato-biliary scintigraphy in the diagnosis of duodenogastric reflux and dysfunction of the Oddi’s sphincter in post-cholecystectomy syndrome. Vestn Khir Im I I Grek 146:25–28

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Middleton GW, Williams JH (1992) Is gall bladder ejection fraction a reliable predictor of acalculous gall bladder disease? Nucl Med Commun 13:894–896

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Middleton GW, Williams JH (1995) Fast or slow cholecystokinin infusion in 99mTc HIDA imaging? Australas Radiol 39:100

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Mirvis SE, Vainright JR, Nelson AW, Johnston GS, Shorr R, Rodriguez A, Whitley NO (1986) The diagnosis of acute acalculous cholecystitis: a comparison of sonography, scintigraphy, and CT. AJR Am J Roentgenol 147:1171–1175

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Mishkind MT, Pruitt RF, Bambini DA, Hakenewerth AM, Thomason MH, Zuger JH, Novick T (1997) Effectiveness of cholecystokinin-stimulated cholescintigraphy in the diagnosis and treatment of acalculous gallbladder disease. Am Surg 63:769–774

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Mitsukawa T, Takemura J, Ohgo S, Mizuta M, Ii T, Kuribayashi T, Matsukura S (1990) Gallbladder function and plasma cholecystokinin levels in diabetes mellitus. Am J Gastroenterol 85:981–985

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Mochizuki T, Tauxe WN, Dobkin J, Shah AN, Shanker R, Todo S, Starzl TE (1991) Detection of complications after liver transplantation by technetium-99m mebrofenin hepatobiliary scintigraphy. Ann Nucl Med 5:103–107

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Moody FG, Calabuig R, Li YF, Harari Y, Rodriguez LF, Weisbrodt NW (1990) Biliary and gut function following shock. J Trauma 30:S179–S184

    Google Scholar 

  • Nadel HR (1996) Hepatobiliary scintigraphy in children. Semin Nucl Med 26:25–42

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Nagle CE, Fink-Bennett D, Freitas JE (1985) Bile ascites in adults. Diagnosis using hepatobiliary scintigraphy and paracentesis. Clin Nucl Med 10:403–405

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nathan MH, Newman A, McFarland J, Murray DJ (1969) Cholecystokinin cholecystography. Radiology 93:1–8

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Negrin JA, Zanzi I, Margouleff D (1995) Hepatobiliary scintigraphy after biliary tract surgery. Semin Nucl Med 25:28–35

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Neoptolemos JP, Fossard DP, Berry JM (1983) A prospective study of radionuclide biliary scanning in acute pancreatitis. Ann R Coll Surg Engl 65:180–182

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Noel AW, Velchik MG, Alavi A (1985) The “liver scan” appearance in cholescintigraphy. A sign of complete common bile duct obstruction. Clin Nucl Med 10:264–269

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Oates E, Selland DL, Chin CT, Achong DM (1996) Gallbladder nonvisualization with pericholecystic rim sign: morphineaugmentation optimizes diagnosis of acute cholecystitis. J Nucl Med 37:267–269

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Obradovic VB, Artiko V, Chebib HY, Petrovic MN, Vlajkovic M, Petrovic NM (2000) Estimation of the enterogastric reflux by modified scintigraphic method. Hepatogastroenterology 47:738–741

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • O’Donnell LJ, Wilson P, Guest P, Catnach SM, McLean A, Wickham JE, Fairclough PD (1992) Indomethacin and postprandial gallbladder emptying. Lancet 339:269–271

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • O’Neill GT, McCreath G (2000) An audit of biliary scintigraphy in a district general hospital (1993–1998) with special reference to the investigation of acalculous gallbladder disease. Nucl Med Commun 21:829–834

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Oppenheim BE, Krepshaw JD (1988) Dynamic hepatobiliary SPECT: a method for tomography of a changing radioactivity distribution. J Nucl Med 29:98–102

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Outomuro J, Serena A, Campos L, Pineda JR, Montes J (2000) Nonvisualization of the common bile duct and normal biliary to bowel transit: an indirect sign of bilioenteric fistula. Clin Nucl Med 25:309–311

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Patankar R, Ozmen MM, Aldous A, Khader Z, Fleming JS, Johnson CD (1996) Standardization of a technique for BrIDA cholescintigraphy. Nucl Med Commun 17:724–728

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Patch GG, Morton KA, Arias JM, Datz FL (1991) Naloxone reverses pattern of obstruction of the distal common bile duct induced by analgesic narcotics in hepatobiliary imaging. J Nucl Med 32:1270–1272

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Patterson FK, Kam JW (1985) Practical hepatobiliary imaging using pretreatment with sincalide in 139 hepatobiliary studies. Clin Nucl Med 10:333–335

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Pickleman J, Peiss RL, Henkin R, Salo B, Nagel P (1985) The role of sincalide cholescintigraphy in the evaluation of patients with acalculus gallbladder disease. Arch Surg 120:693–697

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Prandini N (2003) Methods of measuring gallbladder motor functions — the need for standardization: scintigraphy. Dig Liver Dis 35[Suppl 3]:S62–S66

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Prevot N, Mariat G, Mahul P, Granjon D, Cuilleron M, Tiffet O, De Filipis JP, Jospe R, Auboyer C, Dubois F (1999) Contribution of cholescintigraphy to the early diagnosis of acute acalculous cholecystitis in intensive-care-unit patients. Eur J Nucl Med 26:1317–1325

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Qvist N, Oster-Jorgensen E, Rasmussen L, Hovendal C, Pedersen SA (1989) Postprandial gallbladder filling: relation to gastrointestinal motility. Scand J Gastroenterol 24:969–974

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Radberg G, Asztely M, Moonen M, Svanvik J (1993) Contraction and evacuation of the gallbladder studied simultaneously by ultrasonography and 99mTc-labeled diethyl-iminodiacetic acid scintigraphy. Scand J Gastroenterol 28:709–713

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Raduns K, McGahan JP, Beal S (1990) Cholecystokinin sonography: lack of utility in diagnosis of acute acalculous cholecystitis. Radiology 175:463–466

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ramanna L, Brachman MB, Tanasescu DE, Berman DS, Waxman AD (1984) Cholescintigraphy in acute acalculous cholecystitis. Am J Gastroenterol 79:650–653

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Raymond F, Lepanto L, Rosenthall L, Fried GM (1988) Tc-99m-IDA gallbladder kinetics and response to CCK in chronic cholecystitis. Eur J Nucl Med 14:378–381

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ripley SD, Fink-Bennett D (1985) Enterobiliary fistulae: a potential cause of a false-negative hepatobiliary study in the diagnosis of acute cholecystitis. Eur J Nucl Med 10:167–168

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Rosenblatt ML, Catalano MF, Alcocer E, Geenen JE (2001) Comparison of sphincter of Oddi manometry, fatty meal sonography, and hepatobiliary scintigraphy in the diagnosis of sphincter of Oddi dysfunction. Gastrointest Endosc 54:697–704

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ruffolo TA, Sherman S, Lehman GA, Hawes RH (1994) Gallbladder ejection fraction and its relationship to sphincter of Oddi dysfunction. Dig Dis Sci 39:289–292

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Salam M, Glowniak JV, Vetto RM, Jarboe JE, Haines JE, Krishnamurthy GT (1987) Detection of bile leakage from traumatic right hepatic duct laceration with technetium-99m DISIDA cholescintigraphy. Clin Nucl Med 12:589–591

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Sandoval BA, Goettler CE, Robinson AV, O’Donnell JK, Adler LP, Stellato TA (1997) Cholescintigraphy in the diagnosis of bile leak after laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Am Surg 63:611–616

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Shafer RB, Marlette JM, Morley JE (1983) The effects of Lipomul, CCK, and TRH on gallbladder emptying. Clin Nucl Med 8:66–69

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Shaffer EA, Hershfield NB, Logan K, Kloiber R (1986) Cholescintigraphic detection of functional obstruction of the sphincter of Oddi. Effect of papillotomy. Gastroenterology 90:728–733

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Sharma R, Mondal A, Sen IB, Sawroop K, Ravishanker L, Kashyap R (1997) Spontaneous perforation of the gallbladder during infancy diagnosed on hepatobiliary imaging. Clin Nucl Med 22:759–761

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Shih WJ, Mills BJ, Pulmano C (1992) A prominent porta hepatitis resulting in a rim sign appearance on cholescintigraphy. Clin Nucl Med 17:400–401

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Shih WJ, Magoun S, Mills BJ, Pulmano C (1993) Bile leak from gallbladder perforation mimicking bowel activity and a false-negative result in a morphine-augmented cholescintigraphy. J Nucl Med 34:131–133

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Shuman WP, Gibbs P, Rudd TG, Mack LA (1982) PIPIDA scintigraphy for cholecystitis: false positives in alcoholism and total parenteral nutrition. AJR Am J Roentgenol 138:1–5

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Sippo WC, Moreno AJ, Cabellon S, Turnbull GL (1987) The effect of prolonged fasting and total parenteral nutrition on hepatobiliary imaging with technetium-99m DISIDA. Clin Nucl Med 12:169–172

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Smith R, Rosen JM, Alderson PO (1986) Gallbladder perforation: diagnostic utility of cholescintigraphy in suggested subacute or chronic cases. Radiology 158:63–66

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Sood GK, Baijal SS, Lahoti D, Broor SL (1993) Abnormal gallbladder function in patients with irritable bowel syndrome. Am J Gastroenterol 88:1387–1390

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Sorenson MK, Fancher S, Lang NP, Eidt JF, Broadwater JR (1993) Abnormal gallbladder nuclear ejection fraction predicts success of cholecystectomy in patients with biliary dyskinesia. Am J Surg 166:672–674; discussion 674–675

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Sostre S, Kalloo AN, Spiegler EJ, Camargo EE, Wagner HN Jr (1992) A noninvasive test of sphincter of Oddi dysfunction in postcholecystectomy patients: the scintigraphic score. J Nucl Med 33:1216–1222

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Steiner D, Klett R, Puille M, Doppl W, Bauer R (2003) Diagnosis of focal nodular hyperplasia with hepatobiliary scintigraphy using a modified SPECT technique. Clin Nucl Med 28:136–137

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Stolk MF, van Erpecum KJ, Koppeschaar HP, de Bruin WI, Jansen JB, Lamers CB, van Berge Henegouwen GP (1993) Postprandial gall bladder motility and hormone release during intermittent and continuous subcutaneous octreotide treatment in acromegaly. Gut 34:808–813

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Stryker J, Siegel A (1997) Abdominal aortic aneurysm visualized with hepatobiliary scintigraphy. Clin Nucl Med 22:645–646

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Subramanian KS, Freeman ML, Reznikov I, Van Drunen M, Bushnell D, Shirazi P, Kaplan E (1985) Enterogastric reflux mimicking gallbladder visualization in acute cholecystitis. J Nucl Med 26:961–962

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Swayne LC (1986) Acute acalculous cholecystitis: sensitivity in detection using technetium-99m iminodiacetic acid cholescintigraphy. Radiology 160:33–38

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Tanasescu D, Brachman M, Rigby J, Yadegar J, Ramanna L, Waxman A (1984) Scintigraphic triad in focal nodular hyperplasia. Am J Gastroenterol 79:61–64

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Taylor A Jr, Kipper MS, Witztum K, Greenspan G, Kan M (1982) Abnormal 99mTc-PIPIDA scans mistaken for common duct obstruction. Radiology 144:373–375

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Thomas PD, Turner JG, Dobbs BR, Burt MJ, Chapman BA (2000) Use of (99m)Tc-DISIDA biliary scanning with morphine provocation for the detection of elevated sphincter of Oddi basal pressure. Gut 46:838–841

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Tierney S, Nakeeb A, Wong O, Lipsett PA, Sostre S, Pitt HA, Lillemoe KD (1999) Progesterone alters biliary flow dynamics. Ann Surg 229:205–209

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Tobin M, Velchik MG, Powe J, Hibbard C, Alavi A (1987) The cholescintigraphic pattern of small bowel obstruction. Clin Nucl Med 12:223–225

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Toftdahl DB, Hojgaard L, Winkler K (1996) Dynamic cholescintigraphy: induction and description of gallbladder emptying. J Nucl Med 37:261–266

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Valberg LS, Jabbari M, Kerr JW, Curtis AC, Ramchand S, Prentice RS (1971) Biliary pain in young women in the absence of gallstones. Gastroenterology 60:1020–1026

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Velchik MG, Roth GM, Wegener W, Alavi A (1991) Bronchobiliary fistula detected by cholescintigraphy. J Nucl Med 32:136–138

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Verdegaal W, Esseveld M, Frensdorff E, Kruyswijk H, Warners P, Winter W, King YT (1978) Hepatobiliary scanning with 99mTc-pyridoxylidene glutamate. A retrospective study investigating the criteria for differentiation between intrahepatic and extrahepatic obstruction. Radiol Clin (Basel) 47:442–455

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wahl RL (1984) The “water-ida”: a simple means to separate duodenal from gallbladder activity on cholescintigraphic studies. Eur J Nucl Med 9:335–336

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Warner BW, Hamilton FN, Silberstein EB, Gaskill M, Teague D, Bower RH, Fischer JE (1987) The value of hepatobiliary scans in fasted patients receiving total parenteral nutrition. Surgery 102:595–601

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Weissmann HS, Berkowitz D, Fox MS, Gliedman ML, Rosenblatt R, Sugarman LA, Freeman LM (1983) The role of technetium-99m iminodiacetic acid (IDA) cholescintigraphy in acute acalculous cholecystitis. Radiology 146:177–180

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Williams HC, Pope CF, Siskind BN, Lange RC, Flye MW (1985) Vascular thrombosis in acute hepatic allograft rejection: scintigraphic appearance. J Nucl Med 26:478–481

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Xynos E, Pechlivanides G, Zoras OJ, Chrysos E, Tzovaras G, Fountos A, Vassilakis JS (1994) Reproducibility of gallbladder emptying scintigraphic studies. J Nucl Med 35:835–839

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Yap L, Wycherley AG, Morphett AD, Toouli J (1991) Acalculous biliary pain: cholecystectomy alleviates symptoms in patients with abnormal cholescintigraphy. Gastroenterology 101:786–793

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Yeh SH, Shih WJ, Liang JC (1973) Intravenous radionuclide hepatography in the differential diagnosis of intrahepatic mass lesions. J Nucl Med 14:565–567

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Zech ER, Simmons LB, Kendrick RR, Soballe PW, Olcese JA, Goff WB 2nd, Lawrence DP, DeWeese RA (1991) Cholecystokinin enhanced hepatobiliary scanning with ejection fraction calculation as an indicator of disease of the gallbladder. Surg Gynecol Obstet 172:21–24

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Zeman RK, Burrell MI, Dobbins J, Jaffe MH, Choyke PL (1985) Postcholecystectomy syndrome: evaluation using biliary scintigraphy and endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography. Radiology 156:787–792

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ziessman HA (2001) Cholecystokinin cholescintigraphy: clinical indications and proper methodology. Radiol Clin North Am 39:997–1006, ix

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ziessman HA, Jones DA, Muenz LR, Agarval AK (2003) Cholecystokinin cholescintigraphy: methodology and normal values using a lactose-free fatty-meal food supplement. J Nucl Med 44:1263–1266

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Radiology, Penn State University, Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, 500 University Drive, M.C. H066, P.O. Box 850, Hershey, PA, 17033-0850, USA

    Mark Tulchinsky MD, FACP, FACNP (Associate Professor and Associate Chief of Nuclear Medicine Section)

Authors
  1. Mark Tulchinsky MD, FACP, FACNP
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Leuven, Germany

    A. L. Baert

  2. Heidelberg, Germany

    K. Sartor

  3. Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, 10833 Le Conte Avenue, AR-144 CHS, Los Angeles, CA, 90095-6942, USA

    Christiaan Schiepers MD, PhD

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2006 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Tulchinsky, M. (2006). Hepatobiliary Scintigraphy. In: Baert, A.L., Sartor, K., Schiepers, C. (eds) Diagnostic Nuclear Medicine. Medical Radiology. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-30005-8_9

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-30005-8_9

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-540-42309-6

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-540-30005-2

  • eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation