Keywords
- Chronic Hepatitis
- Chronic Active Hepatitis
- Chronic Viral Hepatitis
- Adefovir Dipivoxil
- Hepatitis Delta Virus
These keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.
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References
Chronic hepatitis
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Bianchi, L.: Necroinflammatory liver diseases. Semin. Liver Dis. 1986; 6: 185–198
Chevallier, M., Guerret, S., Chossegros, P., Gerard, F., Grimaud, J.-A.: A histological semiquantitative scoring system for evaluation of hepatic fibrosis in needle liver biopsy specimens: comparison with morphometric studies. Hepatology 1994; 20: 349–355
Cho, S.G., Kim, M.Y., Kim, H.J., Choi, W., Shin, S.H., Hong, K.C., Kim, Y.B., Lee, J.H., Suh, C.H.: Chronic hepatitis: in vivo proton MR spectroscopic evaluation of the liver and correlation with histopathologic findings. Radiology 2001; 221: 740–746
Colloredo, G., Guido, M., Sonzogni, A., Leandro, G.: Impact of liver biopsy size on histological evaluation of chronic viral hepatitis: the smaller the sample, the milder the disease. J. Hepatol. 2003; 39: 239–244
Crawford, A.R., Lin, X.Z., Crawford, J.M.: The normal adult human liver biopsy: a quantitative reference standard. Hepatology 1998; 28: 323–331
DeGroote, J., Desmet, V.J., Gedigk, P., Korb, G., Popper, H., Poulsen, H., Scheuer, P.J., Schmid, M., Thaler, H., Uehlinger, E., Wepler, W.: A classification of chronic hepatitis. Lancet 1968/II: 626–628
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Gerber, M.A., Vernace, S.: Chronic septal hepatitis. Virchows Archiv 1974; 363: 303–309
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Kuntz, E., Kühn, H.A.: Systematik und Klinik der chronischen Hepatitis. Med. Klin. 1969; 64: 2227–2241
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Chronic hepatitis A
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Chronic hepatitis B
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Chang, M.H.: Decreasing incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma among children following universal hepatitis B immunization. Liver Internat. 2003; 23: 309–314
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Chu, C.M.: Natural history of chronic hepatitis B virus infection in adults with emphasis on the occurrence of cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. J. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. 2000; 15(Suppl.) 25–30
Demirdag, K., Yilmaz, S., Ozdarendeli, A., Ozden, M., Kalkan, A., Kilic, S.S.: Levels of plasma malondialdehyde and erythrocyte antioxidant enzyme activities in patients with chronic hepatitis B. Hepato-Gastroenterol. 2003; 50: 766–770
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Kao, J.H., Chen, P.J., Lai, M.Y., Chen, D.S.: Genotypes and clinical phenotypes of hepatitis B virus in patients with chronic hepatitis B virus infection. J. Clin. Microbiol. 2002; 40: 1207–1209
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Chronic hepatitis C
Agnello, V., de Rosa, F.G.: Extrahepatic disease manifestations of HCV infection: some current issues (review). J. Hepatol. 2004; 40: 341–552
Alter, H.J., Seeff, L.B.: Recovery, persistence, and sequelae in hepatitis C virus infection: a perspective on long-term outcome. Semin. Liver Dis. 2000; 20: 17–35
Antonelli, A., Ferri, C., Pampana, A., Fallahi, P., Nesti, C., Pasquini, M., Marchi, S., Ferrannini, E.: Thyroid disorders in chronic hepatitis C. Amer. J. Med. 2004; 117: 10–13
Bain, V.G., Bonacini, M., Govindarajan, S., Ma, M., Sherman, M., Gibas, A., Cotler, S.J., Deschenes, M., Kaita, K., Ihangri, G.S.: A ulticentre study of the usefulness of liver biopsy in hepatitis C. J. Viral Hepat. 2004; 11: 375–382
Bedossa, P., Bioulac-Sage, P., Callard, P., Chevallier, M., Degott, C., Deugnier, Y., Fabre, M., Reynés, M., Voigt, J.J., Zafrani, E.S.: Intraobserver and interobserver variations in liver biopsy interpretation in patients with chronic hepatitis C. Hepatology 1994; 20: 15–20
Bedossa, P., Poynard, T.: An algorithm for the grading of activity in chronic hepatitis C. Hepatology 1996; 24: 289–293
Bedossa, P., Dargere, D., Paradis, V.: Sampling variability of liver fibrosis in chronic hepatitis C. Hepatology 2003; 38: 1449–1457
Berenguer, M., Prieto, M., Rayon, J.M., Mora, J., Pastor, M., Ortiz, V., Carrasco, D., San-Juan, F., Burgueno, M.D.J., Mir, J., Berenguer, J.: Natural history of clinically compensated hepatitis C virus-related graft cirrhosis after liver transplantation. Hepatology 2000; 32: 852–858
Bonnet, F., Morlat, P., Dubuc, J., de Witte, S., Bonarek, M., Bernard, N., Lacoste, D., Beylot, J.: Sarcoidosis-associated hepatitis virus infection (case report). Dig. Dis. Sci. 2002; 47: 794–796
Cassani, F., Cataleta, M., Valentini, P., Muratori, P., Giostra, F., Francesconi, R., Muratori, L., Lenzi, M., Bianchi, G., Zauli, D., Bianchi, F.B.: Serum autoantibodies in chronic hepatitis C: comparison with autoimmune hepatitis and impact on the disease profile. Hepatology 1997; 26: 561–566
Crespo, J., Rivero, M., Fabrega, E., Cayon, A., Amado, J.A., Garcia-Unzeta, M.T., Pons-Romero, F.: Plasma leptin and TNF-alpha levels in chronic hepatitis C patients and their relationship to hepatic fibrosis. Dig. Dis. Sci. 2002; 47: 1604–1610
Crowson, A.N., Nuovo, G., Ferri, C., Magro, C.M.: The dermatopathologic manifestations of hepatitis C infection: a clinical, histological, and molecular assessments of 35 cases. Hum. Pathol. 2003; 34: 573–579
Degos, F., Christidis, C., Ganne-Carrie, N., Farmachidi, J.P., Degott, C., Guettier, C., Trinchet, J.C., Beaugrand, M., Chevret, S.: Hepatitis C virus-related cirrhosis: time to occurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma and death. Gut 2000; 47: 131–136
Dhillon, A.P., Dusheiko, G.M.: Pathology of hepatitis C virus infection. Histology 1995; 26: 297–309
Dietrich, C.F., Stryjek-Kaminska, D., Teuber, G., Lee, J.H., Caspary, W.F., Zeuzem, S.: Perihepatic lymph nodes as a marker of antiviral response in patients with chronic hepatitis C infection. Amer. J. Roentgenol. 2000; 174: 699–704
DiMartino, V., Rufat, P., Boyer, N., Renard, P., Degos, F., Martinot-Peignoux, M., Matheron, S., LeMoing, V., Vachon, F., Degott, C., Valla, D., Marcellin, P.: The influence of human immunodeficiency virus coinfection on chronic hepatitis C in injection drug users: A longterm retrospective cohort study. Hepatology 2001; 34: 1193–1199
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Erhardt, A., Hauck, K., Häussinger, D.: Iron as comorbid factor in chronic hepatitis. Med. Klin. 2003; 98: 685–691
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Floreani, A., Baragiotta, A., Leone, M.G., Baldo, V., Naccarato, R.: Primary biliary cirrhosis and hepatitis C virus infection. Amer. J. Gastroenterol. 2003; 98: 2757–2762
Forton, D.M., Taylor-Robinson, S.D., Thomas, H.C.: Cerebral dysfunction in chronic hepatitis C infection (review). J. Viral Hepat. 2003; 10: 81–86
Foster, G.R., Goldin, R.D., Thomas, H.C.: Chronic hepatitis C virus infection causes a significant reduction in quality of life in the absence of cirrhosis. Hepatology 1998; 27: 209–212
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Gane, E.J., Portmann, B.C., Naoumov, N.V., Smith, H.M., Underhill, J.A., Donaldson, P.T., Maertens, G., Williams, R.: Long-term outcome of hepatitis C infection after liver transplantation. New Engl. J. Med. 1996; 334: 815–820
Gebo, K.A., Herlong, H.F., Torbenson, M.S., Jenckes, M.W., Chander, G., Ghanem, K.G., El-Kamary, S.S., Sulkowski, M., Bass, E.B.: Role of liver biopsy in management of chronic hepatitis C: a systematic review. Hepatology 2002; 36(Suppl.): 161–172
Ghany, M.G., Kleiner, D.E., Alter, H., Doo, E., Khokar, F., Promrat, K., Herion, D., Park, Y., Liang, T.J., Hoofnagle, J.H.: Progression of fibrosis in chronic hepatitis C. Gastroenterology 2003; 124: 97–114
Gisbert, J.P., Garcia-Buey, L., Pajares, J.M., Moreno-Otero, R.: Prevalence of hepatitis C virus infection in B-cell non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma: systematik review and meta-analysis. Gastroenterology 2003; 125: 1723–1732
Gronbaek, K., Christensen, P.B., Hamilton-Dutoit, S., Federspiel, B.H., Hage, E., Jensen, O.J., Vyberg, M.: Interobserver variation in interpretation of serial liver biopsies from patients with chronic hepatitis C. J. Viral Hepat. 2002; 9: 443–449
Hatano, R., Ebara, M., Fukuda, H., Yoshikawa, M., Sugiura, N., Kondo, F., Yukawa, M., Saisho, H.: Accumulation of copper in the liver and hepatic injury in chronic hepatitis C. J. Gastroenterol. 2000; 15: 786–791
Hezode, C., Lonjon, I., Roudot-Thoraval, F., Mavier, J.P., Pawlotsky, J.M., Zafrani, E.S., Dhumeaux, D.: Impact of smoking on histological liver lesions in chronic hepatitis C. Gut 2003; 52: 126–129
Hickman, I.J., Powell, E.E., Prins, J.B., Clouston, A.D., Ash, S., Purdie, D.M., Jonsson, J.R.: In overweight patients with chronic hepatitis C, circulating insulin is associated with hepatic fibrosis: implications for therapy. J. Hepatol. 2003; 39: 1042–1048
Hilsabeck, R.C., Perry, W., Hassanein, T.I.: Neuropsychological impairment in patients with chronic hepatitis C. Hepatology 2002; 35: 440–446
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Hui, J.M., Sud, A., Farrell, G.C., Bandara, P., Byth, K., Kench, J.G., McCaughan, G.W., George, J.: Insulin resistance is associated with chronic hepatitis C and virus infection fibrosis progression. Gastroenterology 2003; 125: 1695–1704
Idilman, R., Colantoni, A., de Maria, N., Alkan, S., Nand, S., van Thiel, D.H.: Lymphoproliferative disorders in chronic hepatitis C. J. Viral Hepat. 2004; 11: 302–309
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Imazeki, F., Yokosuka, O., Fukai, K., Hiraide, A., Saisho, H.: Significance of prior hepatitis B virus infection in the development of hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with chronic hepatitis C. Dig. Dis. Sci. 2003; 48: 1786–1792
Jara, P., Resti, M., Hierro, L., Giacchino, R., Barbera, C., Zancan, L., Crivellaro, C., Sokal, E., Azzari, C., Guido, M., Bortolotti, F.: Chronic hepatitis C virus infection in childhood: clinical patterns and evolution in 224 white children. Clin. Infect. Dis. 2003; 36: 275–280
Jarmay, K., Karacsony, G., Ozsvar, Z., Lonovics, J., Schaff, Z.: Assessment of histological features in chronic hepatitis C. Hepato-Gastroenterol. 2002; 49: 239–243
Kramer, L., Bauer, E., Funk, G., Hofer, H., Jessner, W., Steindl-Munda, P., Wrba, F., Madl, C., Gangl, A., Ferenci, P.: Subclinical impairment of brain function in chronic hepatitis C infection. J. Hepatol. 2002; 37: 349–354
Leone, N., Pellicano, R., Maiocco, I.A., Modena, V., Marietti, G., Rizzetto, M., Ponzetto, A.: Mixed cryoglobulinaemia and chronic hepatitis C virus infection: the rheumatic manifestations. J. Med. Virol. 2002; 66: 200–203
Martinelli, A.L.C., Villanova, M.G., Roselino, A.M.F., Figueiredo, J.F.C., Pasos, A.D.C., Covas, D.T., Zucoloto, S.: Abnormal uroporphyrin levels in chronic hepatitis C virus infection. J. Clin. Gastroenterol. 1999; 29: 327–331
McCaughan, G.W., George, J.: Fibrosis progression in chronic hepatitis C virus infection. Gut 2004; 53: 318–321
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Medina, J., Garcia-Buey, L., Moreno-Otero, R.: Review article: Hepatitis C virus-related extra-hepatic disease. Aetiopathogenesis and management. Alim. Pharm. Ther. 2004; 20: 129–141
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Trendelenburg, M., Schifferli, J.A.: Cryoglobulins in chronic hepatitis C virus infection. Clin. Exper. Immunol. 2003; 133: 153–155
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Wedemeyer, H., Ockenga, J., Frank, H., Tillmann, H.L., Schuler, A., Caselitz, M., Gebel, M., Trautwein, C., Manns, M.P.: Perihepatic lymphadenopathy: a marker of response to interferon alpha in chronic hepatitis C. Hepato-Gastroenterol. 1998; 45: 1062–1068
Westin, J., Lagging, L.M., Spak, F., Aires, N., Svensson, E., Lindh, M., Dhillon, A.P., Norkrans, G., Wejstal, R.: Moderate alcohol intake increases fibrosis progression in untreated patients with hepatitis C virus infection. J. Viral Hepat. 2002; 9: 235–241
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Chronic hepatitis D
Ackerman, Z., Valinluck, B., McHutchison, J.G., Redeker, A.G., Govindarajan, S.: Spontaneous exacerbation of disease activity in patients with chronic delta hepatitis infection: the role of hepatitis B, C or D? Hepatology 1992; 16: 625–629
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Therapy of chronic hepatitis B
Alexander, G.J.M., Fagan, E.A., Hegarty, J.E., Yeo, J., Eddlestone, A.L.W.F., Williams, R.: Controlled trial of acyclovir in chronic hepatitis B virus infection. J. Med. Virol. 1987; 21: 81–87
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Chan, H.L.Y., Tang, J.L., Tam, W., Sung, J.J.Y.: The efficacy of thymosin in the treatment of chronic hepatitis B virus infection: a metaanalysis. Alim. Pharm. Ther. 2001; 15: 1899–1905
Chen, C., Guo, S.M., Liu, B.: A randomized controlled trial of kurorinone versus interferon-α2a treatment in chronic hepatitis B. J. Viral Hepat. 2000; 7: 225–229
Cooksley, W.G.E., Piratvisuth, T., Lee, S.D., Mahachai, V., Chao, Y.C., Tanwandee, T., Chutaputti, A., Chang, W.Y., Zahm, F.E., Pluck, N.: Peginterferon alpha-2a (40 k Da): An advance in the treatment of hepatitis B e antigen-positive chronic hepatitis B. J. Viral. Hepat. 2003; 10: 298–305
Crowley, S., Tognanni, D., Desmond, P., Lees, M., Saat, G.: Introduction of lamivudine for the treatment of chronic hepatitis B: expected clinical and economic outcomes based on 4-year clinical trial data. J. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. 2002; 17: 153–164
Di Bisceglie, A.M., Fong, T.-L, Fried. M.W., Swain, M.G., Baker, B., Korenman, J., Bergasa, N.V., Waggoner, J.G., Park, Y., Hoofnagle, J.H.: A randomized, controlled trial of recombinant α-Interferon therapy for chronic hepatitis B. Amer. J. Gastroenterol. 1993; 88: 1887–1892
Dienstag, J.L., Goldin, R.D., Heathcote, E.J., Hann, H.W.L., Woessner, M., Stephenson, S.L., Gardner, S., Fraser-Gray, D., Schiff, E.R.: Histological outcome during long-term lamivudine therapy. Gastroenterology 2003; 124: 105–117
Dienstag, J.L., Cianciara, J., Karayalcin, S., Kowdley, K.V., Willems, B., Plisek, S., Woessner, M., Gardner, S., Schiff, E.: Durability of serologic response after lamivudine treatment of chronic hepatitis B. Hepatology 2003; 37: 748–755
Gaia, S., Marzano, A., Smedile, A., Barbon, V., Abate, M.L., Olivero, A., Lagget, M., Paganin, S., Fadda, M., Niro, G., Rizzetto, M.: Four years of treatment with lamivudine: Clinical and virological evaluations in Hbe antigen-negative chronic hepatitis B. Alim. Pharm. Ther. 2004; 20: 281–287
Genel, F., Unal, F., Ozgenc, F., Aksu, G., Aydogdu, S., Kutukculer, N., Yagci, R.V.: Decreased ratio of CD4 / CD8 lymphocytes might be predictive for successful interferon alpha and lamivudine combined therapy in childhood chronic hepatitis B infection: A preliminary study. J. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. 2003; 18: 645–650
Gjorup, I.E., Skinhoj, P.: New aspects on the natural history of chronic hepatitis B infection: implication for therapy. Scand. J. Infect. Dis. 2003; 35: 808–813
Guptan, R.C., Thakur, V., Kazim, S.N., Sarin, S.K.: Efficacy of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor or lamivudine combination with recombinant interferon in non-responders to interferon in hepatitis B virus-related chronic liver disease patients. J. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. 2002; 17: 765–771
Hadziyannis, S.J., Tassopoulos, N.C., Heathcote, E.J., Chang, T.T., Kitis, G., Rizzetto, M., Marcellin, P., Lim, S.G., Goodman, Z., Wulfsohn, M.S., Xiong, S., Fry, J., Brosgart, C.L.: Adefovir dipivoxil for the treatment of hepatitis B e antigen-negative chronic hepatitis B. New Engl. J. Med. 2003; 348: 800–807
Honkoop, P., de Man, R.A., Niesters, H.G.M., Zondervan, P.E., Schalm, S.W.: Acute exacerbation of chronic hepatitis B virus infection after withdrawal of lamivudine therapy. Hepatology 2000; 32: 635–639
Hui, J.M., George, J., Liddle, C., Lin, R., Samarasinghe, D., Crewe, E., Farrell, G.C.: Changes in serum albumin during treatment of chronic hepatitis B with lamivudine: effects of response and emergence of drug resistance. Amer. J. Gastroenterol. 2002; 97: 1003–1009
Krogsgaard, K.: The long-term effect of treatment with interferon-α2a in chronic hepatitis B. J. Viral Hepatit. 1998; 5: 389–397
Kweon, Y.O., Goodman, Z.D., Dienstag, J.L., Schiff, E.R., Brown, N.A., Burkhardt, E., Schoonhoven, R., Brenner, D.A., Fried, M.W.: Decreasing fibrogenesis: an immunohistochemical study of paired liver biopsies following lamivudine therapy for chronic hepatitis B. J. Hepatol. 2001; 35: 749–755
Lai, C.-L., Chien, R.-N., Leung, N.W.Y., Chang, T.-T., Guan, R., Tai, D.-I., Ng, K.-Y., Wu, P.-C., Dent, J.C., Barber, J., Stephenson, S.L., Gray, F.: A one-year trial of lamivudine for chronic hepatitis. New Engl. J. Med. 1998; 329: 61–68
Lai, C.L., Rosmawati, M., Lao, J., van Vlierberghe, H., Anderson, F.H., Thomas, N., Dehertogh, D.: Entecavir is superior to lamivudine in reducing hepatitis B virus DNA in patients with chronic hepatitis B infection. Gastroenterology 2002; 123: 1831–1838
Lau, G.K.K., Nanji, A., Hou, J., Fong, D.Y.T., Au, W.S., Yuen, S.T., Lin, M., Kung, H.F., Lam, S.K.: Thymosin-alpha 1 and famciclovir combination therapy activates T-cell response in patients with chronic hepatitis B virus infection in immune-tolerant phase. J. Viral Hepat. 2002; 9: 280–287
Lau, G.K.K., Yiu, H.H.Y., Fong, D.Y.T., Cheng, H.C., Au, W.Y., Lai, L.S.F., Cheung, M., Zhang, H.Y., Lie, A., Ngan, R., Liang, R.: Early is superior to deferred preemptive lamivudine therapy for hepatitis B patients undergoing chemotherapy. Gastroenterology 2003; 125: 1742–1749
Liaw, Y.F.: Hepatitis flares and hepatitis B e antigen seroconversion: implication in antihepatitis B virus therapy (review). J. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. 2003; 18: 246–252
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Lu, D.T.Y., Khokhar, M.F., Doo, E., Ghany, M.G., Herion, D., Park, Y., Kleiner, D.E., Schmid, P., Condreay, L.D., Gauthier, J., Kuhns, M.C., Liang, T.J., Hoofnagle, J.H.: Long-term therapy of chronic hepatitis B with lamivudine. Hepatology 2000; 32: 828–834
Main, J., Brown, J.L., Howels, C., Galassini, R., Crossey, M., Karayiannis, P., Georgiou, P., Atkinson, G., Thomas, H.C.: A double-blind, placebo-controlled study to assess the effect of famciclovir on virus replication in patients with chronic hepatitis B virus infection. J. Viral Hepatit. 1996; 3: 211–215
Malaguarnera, M., Restuccia, S., Receputo, G., Giugno, I., Pistone, G., Trovato, B.A.: The efficacy of interferon alpha in chronic hepatitis B: a review and meta-analysis. Curr. Ther. Res. 1996; 57: 646–662
Marcellin, P., Chang, T., Lim, S.G., Tong, M.J., Sievert, W., Shiffman, M.L., Jeffers, L., Goodman, Z., Wulfsohn, M.S., Xiong, S., Fry, J., Brosgart, C.L.: Adefovir dipivoxil for the treatment of hepatitis B e antigen-positive chronic hepatitis B. New Engl. J. Med. 2003; 348: 808–816
Marcellin, P., Lau, G.K.K., Bonino, F., Farci, P., Hadziyannis, S., Jin, R., Lu, Z.M., Piratvisuth, T., Germanidis, G., Yurdaydin, C., M., Gurel, S., Lai, M.Y., Button, P., Pluck, N.: Peginterferon alfa-2a alone, lamivudine alone, and the two in combination in patients with HBeAgnegative chronic hepatitis B. New Engl. J. Med. 2004; 351: 1206–1217
Marques, A.R., Lau, D.T.Y., McKenzie, R., Straus, S.E., Hoofnagle, J.H.: Combination therapy with famciclovir and interferon-α for the treatment of chronic hepatitis B. J. Infect. Dis. 1998; 178: 1483–1487
Mihm, U., Sarrazin, C., Herrmann, E., Teuber, G., von Wagner, M., Kronenberger, B., Zeuzem, S.: Response predictors and results of a long-term treatment with lamivudine in patients with chronic hepatitis B. Z. Gastroenterol. 2003; 41: 249–254
Munoz, R., Castellano, G., Fernandez, I., Alvarez, M.V., Manzano, M.L., Marcos, M.S., Cuenca, B., Solis-Herruzo, J.A.: A pilot study of beta-interferon for treatment of patients with chronic hepatitis B who failed to respond to alpha-interferon. J. Hepatol. 2002; 37: 655–659
Mutimer, D., Naoumov, N., Honkoop, P., Marinos, G., Ahmed, M., de Man, R., McPhillips, P., Johnson, M., Williams, R., Elias, E., Schalm, S.: Combination alpha-interferon and lamivudine therapy for alphainterferon resistant chronic hepatitis B infection: results of a pilot study. J. Hepatol. 1998; 28: 923–929
Nevens, F., Main, J., Honkoop, P., Tyrrell, L., Barber, J., Sullivan, M.T., Fevery, J., de Man, R.A., Thomas, H.C.: Lamivudine therapy for chronic hepatitis B: a six-month randomised dose-ranging study. Gastroenterology 1997; 113: 1258–1263
Niederau, C., Strohmeyer, G., Heintges, T., Peter, K., Gopfert, F.: Polyunsaturated phosphatidyl-choline and interferon alpha for treatment of chronic hepatitis B and C: a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Hepato-Gastroenterol. 1998; 45: 797–804
Oh, J.M., Kyun, J., Cho, S.W.: Long-term lamivudine therapy for chronic hepatitis B in patients with and without cirrhosis. Pharmacotherapy 2002; 22: 1226–1234
Ohkoshi, S., Ogata, N., Ichida, T.: The long-term clinical outcome of 1-year treatment of chronic hepatitis B with lamivudine-5 years observation. Hepatol. Res. 2003; 27: 13–17
Perrillo, R., Hann, H.W., Mutimer, D., Willems, B., Leung, N., Lee, W.M., Moorat, A., Gardner, S., Woessner, M., Bourne, E., Brosgart, C.L., Schiff, E.: Adefovir dipivoxil added to ongoing lamivudine in chronic hepatitis B with YMDD mutant hepatitis B virus. Gastroenterology 2004; 126: 81–90
Peters, M.G., Hann, H.W., Martin, P., Heathcote, E.J., Buggisch, P., Rubin, R., Bourliere, M., Kowdley, K., Trepo, C., Gray, D.F., Sullivan, M., Kleber, K., Ebrahimi, R., Xiong, S., Brosgart, C.L.: Adefovir dipivoxil alone or in combination with lamivudine in patients with lamivudine-resistant chronic hepatitis B. Gastroenterology 2004; 126: 91–101
Qaqish, R.B., Mattes, K.A., Ritchie, D.J.: Adefovir dipivoxil: a new antiviral agent for the treatment of hepatitis B virus infection. Clin. Ther. 2003; 25: 3084–3099
Roche, B., Samuel, D., Gigou, M., Feray, C., Virot, V., Majno, P., Serraf, L., David, M.F., Dusseaix, E., Reynes, M., Bismuth, H.: Long-term ganciclovir therapy for hepatitis B virus infection after transplantation. J. Hepatol. 1999; 31: 584–592
Schalm, S.W., Heathcote, J., Cianciara, J., Farrell, G., Sherman, M., Willems, B., Dhillon, A., Moorat, A., Barber, J., Gray, D.F.: Lamivudine and alpha interferon combination treatment of patients with chronic hepatitis B infection: a randomized trial. Gut 2000; 46: 562–568
Schiff, E.R., Dienstag, J.L., Karayalcin, S., Grimm, I.S., Perrillo, R.P., Husa, P., de Man, R.A., Goodman, Z., Condreay, L.D., Crowther, L.M., Woessner, M.A., McPhillips, P.J., Brown, N.A.: Lamivudine and 24 weeks of lamivudine/interferon combination therapy for hepatitis B e antigen-positive chronic hepatitis B in interferon nonresponders. J. Hepatol. 2003; 38: 818–826
Shaw, T., Mok, S.S., Locarnini, S.A.: Inhibition of hepatitis B virus DNA polymerase by enantiomers of penciclovir triphosphate and metabolic basis for selective inhibition of HBV replication by penciclovir. Hepatology 1996; 24: 996–1002
Shen, H., Alsatie, M., Eckert, G., Chalasani, N., Lumeng, L., Kwo, P.Y.: Combination therapy with lamivudine and famciclovir for chronic hepatitis B infection. Clin. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. 2004; 2: 330–336
Sponseller, C.A., Bacon, B.R., di Bisceglie, A.M.: Clinical improvement in patients with decompensated liver disease caused by hepatitis B after treatment with lamivudine. Liver Transplant. 2000; 6: 715–720
Suzuki, Y., Arase, Y., Ikeda, K., Saitoh, S., Tsubota, T., Miyakawa, Y., Kumada, H.: Histological improvements after a three-year lamivudine therapy in patients with chronic hepatitis B in whom YMDD mutants did not or did develop. Intervirology 2003; 46: 164–170
Tamam, L., Yerdelen, D., Ozpoyraz, N.: Psychosis associated with interferon alfa therapy for chronic hepatitis B. Ann. Pharmacother. 2003; 37: 384–387
Trépo, C., Jezek, P., Atkinson, G., Boon, R., Young, C.: Famciclovir in chronic hepatitis B: results of a dose-finding study. J. Hepatol. 2000; 32: 1011–1018
Vajro, P., Migliaro, F., Fontanella, A., Orso, G.: Interferon: a metaanalysis of published studies in chronic hepatitis B. Acta Gastroenterol. Belg. 1998; 61: 219–223
Villeneuve, J.-P., Condreay, L.D., Willems, B., Pomier-Layrargues, G., Fenyves, D., Bilodeau, M., Leduc, R., Peltekian, K., Wong, F., Margulies, M., Heathcote, E.J.: Lamivudine treatment for decompensated cirrhosis resulting from chronic hepatitis B. Hepatology 2000; 31: 207–210
Werle, B., Cinquin, K., Marcellin, P., Pol, S., Maynard, M., Trepo, C., Zoulim, F.: Evolution of hepatitis B viral load and viral genome sequence during adefovir dipivoxil therapy. J. Viral Hepat. 2003; 11: 74–83
Westland, C.E., Yang, H.L., Delaney, W.E., Gibbs, C.S., Miller, M.D., Wulfsohn, M., Fry, J., Brosgart, C.L., Xiong, S.: Week 48 resistance surveillance in two phase 3 clinical studies of adefovir dipivoxil for chronic hepatitis B. Hepatology 2003; 38: 96–103
Yokosuka, O.: Events occurring at the time of breakthrough hepatitis during lamivudine treatment for chronic hepatitis (editorial). J. Gastroenterol. 2004; 39: 813–814
Therapy of chronic hepatitis C
Adinolfi, L.E., Utili, R., Tonziello, A., Ruggiero, G.: Effects of alpha interferon induction plus ribavirin with or without amantadine in the treatment of interferon nonresponsive chronic hepatitis C: a randomized trial. Gut 2003; 52: 701–705
Arase, Y., Ikeda, K., Tsubota, A., Suzuki, Y., Saitoh, S., Kobayashi, M., Suzuki, F., Akuta, N., Someya, T., Hosaka, T., Kobayashi, M., Kumada, H.: Efficacy of interferon retreatment after relapse for chronic hepatitis C patients with biochemical response after first interferon therapy. J. Gastroenterol. 2004; 39: 455–460
Bajaj, J.S., Molina, E., Regev, A., Schiff, E.R., Jeffers, L.J.: Pretreatment laparoscopic appearance of the liver can predict response to combination therapy with interferon alpha 2b and ribavirin in chronic hepatitis C. Gastrointest. Endosc. 2003; 58: 380–383
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Therapy of chronic hepatitis D
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(2006). Chronic hepatitis. In: Hepatology Principles and Practice. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-28977-1_34
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