Keywords
- Portal Vein
- Portal Hypertension
- Hepatic Vein
- Portal Vein Thrombosis
- Oesophageal Varix
These keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.
This is a preview of subscription content, access via your institution.
Buying options
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Learn about institutional subscriptionsPreview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Abecasis, R., Kravetz, D., Fassio, E., Ameigeiras, B., Garcia, D., Isla, R., Landeira, G., Dominguez, N., Romero, G., Argonz, J., Terg, R.: Nadolol plus spironolactone in the prophylaxis of first variceal bleed in nonascitic cirrhotic patients: a preliminary study. Hepatology 2003; 37: 359–365
Aithal, G.P., Alabdi, B.J., Rose, J.D.G., James, O.F.W., Hudson, M.: Portal hypertension secondary to arterioportal fistulae: two unusual cases. Liver 1999; 19: 343–347
Albillos, A., Colombato, L.A., Enriquez, R., Oi Cheng Ng, Sikuler, E., Groszmann, R.J.: Sequence of morphological and hemodynamic changes of gastric microvessels in portal hypertension. Gastroenterology 1992; 102: 2066–2070
Alvarez, D., Mastai, R., Lennie, A., Soifer, G., Levi, D., Terg, R.: Noninvasive measurement of portal venous blood flow in patients with cirrhosis: effects of physiological and pharmacological stimuli. Dig. Dis. Sci. 1991; 36: 82–86
Aprile, L.R.O., Meneghelli, U.G., Martinelli, A.L.C., Monteiro, C.R.: Gastric motility in patients with presinusoidal portal hypertension. Amer. J. Gastroenterol. 2002; 97: 3038–3044
Banares, R., Moitinho, E., Matilla, A., Garcia-Pagan, J.C., Lampreave, J.L., Piera, C., Abraldes, J.G., de Diego, A., Albillos, A., Bosch, J.: Randomized comparison of long-term carvedilol and propranolol administration in the treatment of portal hypertension in cirrhosis. Hepatology 2002; 36: 1367–1373
Banti, G.: Splenomegalie mit Leberzirrhose. Beitr. Path. Anat. Allg. Path. 1889; 24: 21–33
Bayraktar, Y., Balkanci, F., Kayhan, B., Özenc, A., Arslan, S., Telatar, H.: Bile duct varices or “pseudo-cholangiocarcinoma sign” in portal hypertension due to cavernous transformation of the portal vein. Amer. J. Gastroenterol. 1992; 87: 1801–1806
Bayraktar, Y., Balkanci, F., Kansu, E., Dundar, S., Uzunalimoglu, B., Kayhan, B., Telatar, H., Gurakar, A., van Thiel, D.H.: Cavernous transformation of the portal vein: a common manifestation of Behcet’s disease. Amer. J. Gastroenterol. 1995; 90: 1476–1479
Benoit, J.N., Granger, D.N.: Splanchnic haemodynamics in chronic portal hypertension. Semin. Liver Dis. 1986; 6: 287–298
Bini, E.J., Lascarides, C.E., Micale, P.L., Weinshel, E.H.: Mucosal abnormalities of the colon in patients with portal hypertension: an endoscopic study. Gastrointest. Endosc. 2000; 52: 511–516
Bisseru, B., Patel, J.S.: Cruveilhier-Baumgarten (C-B) disease. Gut 1989; 30: 136–137
Blendis, L., Smith, P., Lawrie, B., Stephens, M.R., Evans, W.D.: Portal hypertension in vinylchloride monomer workers. A hemodynamic study. Gastroenterology 1978; 75: 206–211
Bolondi, L., Li Bassi, S., Gaiani, St., Barbara, L.: Doppler flowmetry in portal hypertension. J. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. 1990; 5: 459–467
Bosch, J., Abraldes, J.G., Groszmann, R.: Current management of portal hypertension. J. Hepatol. 2003; 38(Suppl.) 54–68
Braun, S.D., Newman, G.E., Dunnick, N.R.: Digital splenoportography. Amer. J. Roentgenol. 1985; 144: 1003–1004
Brenner, B.M., Troy, J.L., Ballermann, B.J.: Endothelium dependent vascular response: mediators and mechanisms. J. Clin. Invest. 1989; 84: 1373–1378
Bruet, A., Fingerhut, A., Eugene, C., Fendler, J.P.: Varices intestinales et hypertension portale. Gastroenterol. Clin. Biol. 1984; 8: 725–732
Buonamico, P., Sabba, C.: Echo doppler duplex scanner and color in the study of portal hypertension. J. Clin. Gastroenterol. 1991; 13: 342–347
Burcharth, F., Bertheussen, K.: The influence of posture, Valsalva manoeuvre and coughing on portal hypertension in cirrhosis. Scand. J. Clin. Lab. Invest. 1987; 39: 665–669
Chandra, R., Kapoor, D., Tharakan, A., Chaudhary, A., Sarin, S.K.: Portal biliopathy. J. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. 2001; 16: 1086–1092
Chawla, Y., Dilawari, J.B.: Anorectal varices—their frequency in cirrhotic and non-cirrhotic portal hypertension. Gut 1991; 32: 309–311
Conn, H.O.: Portal hypertension: history and pathogenesis. Gastroenterol. Internat. 1992; 5: 181–185
D’Amico, G., Montalbano, L., Traina, M., Pisa, R., Menozzi, M., Spano, C., Pagliaro, L.: Natural history of congestive gastropathy in cirrhosis. Gastroenterology 1990; 99: 1558–1564
Debernardi-Venon, W., Bandi, J.C., Garcia-Pagan, J.C., Moitinho, E., Andreu, V., Real, M., Escorsell, A., Montanya, X., Bosch, J.: CO2 wedged hepatic venography in the evaluation of portal hypertension. Gut 2000; 46: 856–860
DeCoux, R.E. jr., Achord, J.L.: Portal hypertension in Felty’s syndrome. Amer. J. Gastroenterol. 1980; 73: 315–318
Drouhin, F., Fischer, D., Vadrot, J., Denis, J., Johanet, C., Abuaf, N., Feldmann, G., Labayle, D.: Hypertension portale idiopathique associeé à une collagénose proche du lupus érythémateux disseminé. Gastroenterol. Clin. Biol. 1989; 13: 829–833
Dubois, A., Dauzat, M., Pignodel, Ch., Pomier-Layrargues, G., Marty-Double, Ch., Lopez, F.-M., Janbon, C.: Portal hypertension in lymphoproliferative and myeloproliferative disorders: hemodynamic and histological correlations. Hepatology 1993; 17: 246–250
Ehrle, U.B., Müller, M.K., Singer, M.V.: Downhill-Varizen im Ösophagus. Ursachen und klinische Bedeutung. Dtsch. Med. Wschr. 1992; 117: 705–709
Eyres, K.S., Kantharia, B., Magides, A.D., Ali, H.H., MacDonald, R.C.: Portal hypertension due to hepatosplenic schistosomiasis: a case report and review of the literature. Brit. J. Clin. Pract. 1991; 45: 146–147
Felson, B., Lessure, A.P.: “Downhill” varices of the esophagus. Dis. Chest. 1964; 46: 740–746
Fernandez Perez, F.J., Garcia Montes, J.M., Castro Laria, L., Martin Guerrero, J.M., Jimenez Saenz, M., Herrerias Gutierrez, J.M.: Valor de la ecografia en el diagnostico de la hipertension portal. Rev. Esp. Enferm. Dig. 1998; 90: 806–812
Frank, B., Zoller, W.G.: Diagnosis and therapy of portal hypertension. Leber Magen Darm 1996; 26: 284–297
Fraser-Hill, M.A., Atri, M., Bret, P.M., Aldis, A.E., Illescas, F.F., Herschorn, S.D.: Intrahepatic portal venous system: variations demonstrated with duplex and color doppler US. Radiology 1990; 177: 523–526
Futagawa, S., Fukazawa, M., Horisawa, M., Musha, H., Ito, T., Sugiura, M., Kameda, H., Okuda, K.: Portographic liver changes in idiopathic noncirrhotic portal hypertension. Amer. J. Roentgenol. 1980; 134: 917–923
Gabata, T., Matsui, O., Kadoya, M., Yoshikawa, J., Ueda, K., Nobata, K., Kawamori, Y., Takashima, T.: Gallbladder varices: demonstration of direct communication to intrahepatic portal veins by color Doppler sonography and CT during arterial portography. Abdom. Imag. 1997; 22: 82–84
Galambos, J.T.: Evaluation of patients with portal hypertension. Amer. J. Surg. 1990; 160: 14–18
Gatta, A., Sacerdoti, D., Bolognesi, M., Merkel, C.: Portal hypertension: state of the art. Ital. J. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. 1999; 31: 326–345
Geraghty, J.G., Angerson, W.J., Carter; D.C.: Erosive gastritis and portal hypertension. HPB Surgery 1992; 6: 19–22
Gertsch, P., Fischer, G., Kleber, G., Wheatley, A.M., Geigenberger, G., Sauerbruch, T.: Manometry of esophageal varices: comparison of an endoscopic balloon technique with needle puncture. Gastroenterology 1993; 105: 1159–1166
Gibson, P.R., Gibson, R.N., Ditchfield, M.R., Donlan, J.D.: Splenomegaly — an insensitive sign of portal hypertension. Aust. N. Z. J. Med. 1990; 20: 771–774
Gibson, P.R., Gibson, R.N., Ditchfield, M.R., Donlan, J.D.: A comparison of duplex Doppler sonography of the ligamentum teres and portal vein with endoscopic demonstration of gastroesophageal varices in patients with chronic liver disease or portal hypertension, or both. J. Ultrasound Med. 1992; 11: 327–331
Gilbert, A., Villaret, M.: Contribution to the study of the syndrome of portal hypertension. Compt. Rend. Soc. Biol. 1906; 60: 820–823
Glynn, M.J.: Isolated splenic vein thrombosis. Arch. Surg. 1986; 121: 723–725
Goenka, M.K., Kochhar, R., Nagi, B., Mehta, S.K.: Rectosigmoid varices and other mucosal changes in patients with portal hypertension. Amer. J. Gastroenterol. 1991; 86: 1185–1189
Goyal, A.K., Pokharna, D.S., Sharma, S.K.: Ultrasonic measurements of portal vasculature in diagnosis of portal hypertension. J. Ultrasound Med. 1990; 9: 45–48
Groszman, R.J.: Hyperdynamic circulation of liver disease 40 years later: pathophysiology and clinical consequences. Hepatology 1994; 20: 1359–1363
Gudjonsson, H., Zeiler, D., Gamelli, R.L., Kay, M.D.: Colonic varices. Report of an unusual case diagnosed by radionuclide scanning, with review of the literature. Gastroenterology 1986; 91: 1543–1547
Gupta, R., Sawant, P., Parameshwar, R.V., Lele, V.R., Kulhalli, P.M., Mahajani, S.S.: Gastric mucosal blood flow and hepatic perfusion index in patients with portal hypertensive gastropathy. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. 1998; 13: 921–926
Hadengue, A., Benhayoun, M.K., Lebrec, D., Benhamou, J.-P.: Pulmonary hypertension complicating portal hypertension: prevalence and relation to splanchnic hemodynamics. Gastroenterology 1991; 100: 520–528
Hartleb, M., Michielsen, P.P., Dziurkowska-Marek, A.: The role of nitric oxide in portal hypertensive systemic and portal vascular pathology. Acta Gastroenterol. Belg. 1997; 60: 222–232
Hashimoto, N., Ohyanagi, H.: Effect of acute portal hypertension on gut mucosa. Hepato-Gastroenterol. 2002; 49: 1567–1570
Hashizume, M., Sugimachi, K.: Classifikation of gastric lesions associated with portal hypertension. J. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. 1995; 10: 339–343
Hillaire, S., Bonte, E., Denninger, M.H., Casadevall, N., Cadranel, J.F., Lebrec, D., Valla, D., Degott, C.: Idiopathic non-cirrhotic intrahepatic portal hypertension in the West: A reevaluation in 28 patients. Gut 2002; 51: 275–280
Hosking, S.W., Smart, H.L., Johnson, A.G., Triger, D.R.: Anorectal varices, haemorrhoids, and portal hyertension. Lancet 1989/I: 349–352
Hüppe, D., Jäger, D., Tromm, A., Tunn, S., Barmeyer, J., May, B.: Einfluß von Molsidomin auf die portale und kardiale Hämodynamik bei Leberzirrhose. Dtsch. Med. Wschr. 1991; 116: 841–845
Ibukuro, K., Tsukiyama, T., Mori, K., Inoue, Y.: Veins of Retzius at CT during arterial portography: anatomy and clinical importance. Radiology 1998; 209: 793–800
Inagaki, H., Nonami, T., Kawagoe, T., Miwa, T., Hosono, J., Kurokawa, T., Harada, A., Nakao, A., Takagi, H., Suzuki, H., Sakamoto, J.: Idiopathic portal hypertension associated with systemic lupus erythematosus. J. Gastroenterol. 2000; 35: 235–239
Itzchak, Y., Glickman, M.G.: Duodenal varices in extrahepatic portal obstruction. Radiology 1977; 124: 619–624
Jassar, P., Jaramillo, M., Nunez, D.A.: Base of tongue varices associated with portal hypertension. Postgrad. Med. J. 2000; 76: 576–577
Kapoor, D., Redhead, D.N., Hayes, P.C., Webb, D.J., Jalan, R.: Systemic and regional changes in plasma endothelin following transient increase in portal pressure. Liver Transplant. 2003; 9: 32–39
Kim, M.J., Mitchell, D.G., Ito, K.: Portosystemic collaterals of the upper abdomen: review of anatomy and demonstration on MR imaging. Abdom. Imag. 2000; 25: 462–470
Kim, S., Chew, W.S.: Choledochal varices. Amer. J. Roentgenol. 1998; 150: 578–580
Klein, C.-P.: Spironolacton in der Behandlung der portalen Hypertonie bei Leberzirrhose. Dtsch. Med. Wschr. 1985; 110: 1774–1776
Klinge, O.: Die pathologische Anatomie der portalen Hypertonie. Chir. Gastroenterol. 1987; 3: 19–40
Kotfila, R., Trudeau, W.: Extraoesophageal varices. Dig. Dis. 1998; 16: 232–241
Kozarek, R.A., Botoman, V.A., Bredfeldt, J.E., Roach, J.M., Patterson, D.J., Ball, T.J.: Portal colopathy: prospective study of colonoscopy in patients with portal hypertension. Gastroenterology 1991; 101: 1192–1197
Kuntz, H.D., Freyberger, H., May, B.: Portale Hypertonie ohne Leberzirrhose. Zur Differentialdiagnose, Pathogenese und Klinik der posttraumatischen Pfortaderthrombose. Münch. Med. Wschr. 1985; 127: 97–99
LaBreque, D.R.: Portal hypertension. Clin. Liver Dis. 1997; 1: 1–24
Lasierra, J., Barrao, F., Cena, G., Aza, M.J., Morandeira, M.J., Barrao, M.E., Gonzalez-Gallego, J.: Changes of the fibrinolytic system in liver dysfunction: role of portal hypertension. Thromb. Res. 1992; 67: 15–21
Lebrec, D., Benhamou, J.-P.: Noncirrhotic intrahepatic portal hypertension. Semin. Liver Dis. 1986; 6: 332–340
Lebrec, D., Moreau, R.: Pathogenesis of portal hypertension. Eur. J. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. 2001; 13: 309–311
Lee, S.S., Hadengue, A., Moreau, R., Sayegh, R., Hillon, P., Lebrec, D.: Postprandial hemodynamic response in patients with cirrhosis. Hepatology 1988; 8: 647–651
Leeuwen, van, D.J., Howe, S.C., Scheuer, P.J., Sherlock, S.: Portal hypertension in chronic hepatitis: relationship to morphological changes. Gut 1990; 31: 339–343
Leger, L., Lemaigre, G., Prémont, M., Salmon, R., Klioua, Z., Battesti, J.-P.: Hypertension portale au cours de la sarcoidose. Trois observations dont une avec foie fibreux et hépatome malin à stroma osseux. Nouv. Presse Méd. 1980; 9: 1021–1024
Lenthall, R., Kane, P.A., Heaton, N.D., Karani, J.B.: Segmental portal hypertension due to splenic obstruction: imaging findings and diagnostic pitfalls in four cases. Clin. Radiol. 1999; 54: 540–544
Limberg, B.: Duplexsonographische Diagnose der portalen Hypertension bei Leberzirrhose. Einfluß einer standardisierten Testmahlzeit auf die portale Hämodynamik. Dtsch. Med. Wschr. 1991; 116: 1384–1387
Liu, G.-L., Huang, Y.-T.: Portal hypertension caused by biliary cirrhosis. Gastroenterol. Jap. 1991; 26(Suppl. 3) 22–26
Lorenz, R., Brauer, M., Classen, M., Tornieporth, N., Becker, K.: Idiopathic portal hypertension in a renal transplant patient after long-term azathioprine therapy. Clin. Investig. 1992; 70: 152–155
Lukie, B.E., Card, R.T.: Portal hypertension complicating myelofibrosis: reversal following splenectomy. Canad. Med. Ass. J. 1977; 117: 771–772
MacMathuna, P., Vlavianos, P., Westaby, D., Williams, R.: Pathophysiology of portal hypertension. Dig. Dis. 1992; 10: 3–15
Madsen, M.S., Petersen, T.H., Sommer, H.: Segmental portal hypertension. Ann. Surg. 1986; 204: 72–77
Malde, H., Nagral, A., Shah, P., Joshi, M.S., Bhatia, S.J., Abraham, P.: Detection of rectal and pararectal varices in patients with portal hypertension: efficacy of transvaginal sonography. Amer. J. Roentgenol. 1993; 161: 335–337
Marchal, G.J.F., van Holsbeeck, M., Tshibwabwa-Ntumba, E., Goddeeris, P.G., Fevery, J., Oyen, R.H., Adisoejoso, B., Baert, A.L., van Steenbergen, W.: Dilatation of the cystic veins in portal hypertension: sonographic demonstration. Radiology 1985; 154: 187–189
Markowitz, A.J., Chen, Y.-T., Muenzer, J., Delbuono, E.A., Lucey, M.R.: A man with type III glycogenosis associated with cirrhosis and portal hypertension. Gastroenterology 1993; 105: 1882–1885
Matsumoto, A., Kitamoto, M., Imamura, M., Nakanishi, T., Ono, C., Ito, K., Kajiyama, G.: Three-dimensional portography using multislice helical CT is clinically useful for management of gastric fundus varices. Amer. J. Roentgenol. 2001; 176: 899–905
McCormick, P.A., Burroughs, A.K.: Hemodynamic evaluation of portal hypertension. Hepato-Gastroenterol. 1990; 37: 546–550
Meran, J., Creutzig, A., Specht, S., Schürmeyer, T., Brunner, G., Ranke, C., Fabel, H.: Portale Hypertension und chronische Arsenintoxikation. Wien. Med. Wschr. 1989; 139: 580–584
Merkel, C., Bolognesi, M., Bellon, St., Sacerdoti, D., Bianco, S., Amodio, P., Gatta, A.: Long-term follow-up study of adult patients with non-cirrhotic obstruction of the portal system: comparison with cirrhotic patients. J. Hepatol. 1992; 15: 299–303
Meßmann, H., Holstege, A., Schölmerich, J.: Lebervenenverschlußdruckmessung. Indikation, Technik und Befunde. Dtsch. Med. Wschr. 1994; 119: 1245–1247
Mohr, H.-H., Gödderz, W., Meyer zum Büschenfelde, K.-H.: Die Duplexsonographie der Leber und des Pfortadersystems. Med. Klin. 1998; 93: 669–677
Moriyasu, F., Nishida, O., Ban, N., Nakamura, T., Sakai, M., Miyake, T., Uchino, H.: “Congestion index” of the portal vein. Amer. J. Roentgenol. 1986; 146: 735–739
Naber, A.H.J., van Haelst, U., Yap, S.H.: Nodular regenerative hyperplasia of the liver: an important cause of portal hypertension in noncirrhotic patients. J. Hepatol. 1991; 12: 94–99
Nagabhusan, G., Acharya, S.K., Joshi, Y.K., Nundy, S., Tandon, B.N.: Ultrasonography in portal hypertension: a sensitive noninvasive test to demonstrate portal-vascular anatomy. Gastroenterol. Jpn. 1989; 24: 442–445
Nakanuma, Y., Ohta, G., Kurumaya, H., Tanino, M., Doishita, K., Takayanagi, N., Rin, S.: Pathological study on livers with noncirrhotic portal hypertension and portal venous thromboembolic occlusion: report of seven autopsy cases. Amer. J. Gastroenterol. 1984; 79: 782–789
Navasa, M., Garcia-Pagan, J.C., Bosch, J., Riera, J.R., Banares, R., Mas, A., Bruguera, M., Rodes, J.: Portal hypertension in acute liver failure. Gut 1992; 33: 965–968
Nevens, F., Fevery, J., van Steenbergen, W., Sciot, R., Desmet, V., de Groote, J.: Arsenic and non-cirrhotic portal hypertension. J. Hepatol. 1990; 11: 80–85
Nevens, F., Bustami, R., Scheys, I., Lesaffre, E., Fevery, J.: Variceal pressure is a factor predicting the risk of a first variceal bleeding. A prospective cohort study in cirrhotic patients. Hepatology 1998; 27: 15–19
O’Connor, M.K., MacMathuna, P., Keeling, P.W.N.: Hepatic arterial and portal venous components of liver blood flow: a dynamic scintigraphic study. J. Nucl. Med. 1988; 29: 466–472
Odièvre, M., Pigé, G., Alagille, D.: Congenital abnormalities associated with extrahepatic portal hypertension. Arch. Dis. Childh. 1977; 52: 383–385
Oelsner, D.H., Caldwell, S.H., Coles, M., Driscoll, C.J.: Subumbilical midline vascularity of the abdominal wall in portal hypertension observed at laparoscopy. Gastrointest. Endosc. 1998; 47: 388–390
Okuda, K., Kono, K., Ohnishi, K., Kimura, K., Omata, M., Koen, H., Nakajima, Y., Musha, H., Hirashima, T., Takashi, M., Takayasu, K.: Clinical study of eighty-six cases of idiopathic portal hypertension and comparison with cirrhosis with splenomegaly. Gastroenterology 1984; 86: 600–610
Okuda, K., Ohnishi, K., Kimura, K., Matsutani, S., Sumida, M., Goto, N., Musha, H., Takashi, M., Suzuki, N., Shinagawa, T., Suzuki, N., Ohtsuki, T., Arakawa, M., Nakashima, T.: Incidence of portal vein thrombosis in liver cirrhosis. An angiographic study in 708 patients. Gastroenterology 1985; 89: 279–286
Orozco, H., Mercado, M.A.: The evolution of portal hypertension surgery: lessons from 1000 operations and 50 years’ experience. Arch. Surg. 2000; 135: 1389–1393
Pai, C.G., Thomas, V., Hariharan, M., Nair, K.V.: Rectal varices in extrahepatic portal hypertension. J. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. 1993; 8: 244–246
Palazzo, L., Hochain, P., Helmer, C., Cuillerier, E., Landi, B., Roseau, G., Gugnenc, P.H., Barbier, J.-P., Cellier, C.: Biliary varices on endoscopic ultrasonography: clinical presentation and outcome. Endoscopy 2000; 32: 520–524
Papadimitriou, J., Kannas, D., Papadimitriou, L.: Portal hypertension due to hydatid disease of the liver. J. Royal Soc. Med. 1990; 83: 120–121
Patch, D., Armonis, A., Sabin, C., Christopoulou, K., Greenslade, L., McCormick, A., Dick, R.: Single portal pressure measurement predicts survival in cirrhotic patients with recent bleeding. Gut 1999; 44: 264–269
Perez-Ayuso, R.M., Piqué, J.M.: Portal hypertension gastropathy. Dig. Dis. 1991; 9: 294–302
Piontek, M., Hengels, K.J., Borchard, F., Strohmeyer, G.: Nicht-zirrhotische Leberfibrose nach chronischer Arsenintoxikation. Dtsch. Med. Wschr. 1989; 114: 1653–1657
Ponce Gonzales, J.F., Dominguez Adame Lanuza, E.D., Martin Zurita, I., Morales Mendez, S.: Portal hypertensive colopathy: histologic appearance of the colonic mucosa. Hepato-Gastroenterol. 1998; 45: 40–43
Portmann, B., Stewart, S., Higenbottam, T.W., Clayton, P.T., Lloyd, J.K., Williams, R.: Nodular transformation of the liver associated with portal and pulmonary arterial hypertension. Gastroenterology 1993; 104: 616–621
Primentel, J., Menezes, A.: Liver disease in vineyard sprayers. Gastroenterology 1977; 72: 275–283
Primignani, M., Carpinelli, L., Preatoni, P., Battaglia, G., Carta, A., Prada, A., Cestari, R., Angeli, P., Gatta, A., Rossi, A., Spinzi, G., de Franchis, R.: Natural history of portal hypertensive gastropathy in patients with liver cirrhosis. Gastroenterology 2000; 119: 181–187
Quereshi, H., Zuberi, S.J., Maher, M., Ahmed, W., Alam, S.E., Jafarey, N.A.: Idiopathic portal hypertension: an overlooked entity. Hepatol. Res. 1998; 12: 169–176
Raia, S., Caetano da Silva, L., Gayotto, L.C.C., Coutinho Forster, S., Fukushima, J., Strauss, E.: Portal hypertension in schistosomiasis: a long term follow-up of a randomized trial comparing three types of surgery. Hepatology 1994; 20: 398–403
Rigau, J., Bosch, J., Bordas, J.M., Navasa, M., Mastai, R., Kravetz, D., Bruix, J., Feu, F., Rodes, J.: Endoscopic measurement of variceal pressure in cirrhosis: correlation with portal pressure and variceal hemorrhage. Gastroenterology 1989; 96: 873–880
Rockey, D.C.: The cellular pathogenesis of portal hypertension: stellate cell contractility, endothelin and nitric oxide. Hepatology 1997; 25: 2–5
Russel, R.M., Boyer, J.L., Bagheri, S.A., Hruban, Z.: Hepatic injury from hypervitaminosis A resulting in portal hypertension and ascites. New Engl. J. Med. 1974; 291: 435–440
Ruttenberg, D., Graham, S., Burns, D., Solomon, D., Bornman, P.: Abdominal tuberculosis — a cause of portal vein thrombosis and portal hypertension. Dig. Dis. Sci. 1991; 36: 112–115
Sarin, S.K.: Non-cirrhotic portal fibrosis. Gut 1989; 30: 406–415
Sarin, S.K., Lahoti, D., Saxena, S.P., Murthy, N.S., Makwana, U.K.: Prevalence, classification and natural history of gastric varices: a longterm follow-up study in 568 portal hypertension patients. Hepatology 1992; 16: 1343–1349
Scheurlen, M., Dölle, W.: Diagnostik des portalen Hochdrucks. Intern. Welt 1985; 4: 94–99
Seitz, K., Wermke, W.: Portale Hypertension — derzeitiger Stand der sonographischen Diagnostik. Z. Gastroenterol. 1995; 33: 349–361
Shepherd, P., Harrison, D.J.: Idiopathic portal hyertension associated with cytotoxic drugs. J. Clin. Pathol. 1990; 43: 206–210
Sherlock, S., Feldman, C.A., Moran, B., Scheuer, P.J.: Partial nodular transformation of the liver with portal hypertension. Amer. J. Med. 1966; 40: 195–203
Shibayama, Y., Nakata, K.: The relation of periportal fibrosis to portal hypertension. J. Hepatol. 1990; 11: 313–317
Sieber, C.C., Stalder, G.A.: Pathophysiologische und pharmakotherapeutische Aspekte der portalen Hypertonie. Schweiz. Med. Wschr. 1993; 123: 3–13
Smart, H.L., Triger, D.R.: Clinical features, pathophysiology and relevance of portal hypertensive gastropathy. Endoscopy 1991; 23: 224–228
Spech, H.J., Wördehoff, D.: Klassifizierung von Ösophagusvarizen — endoskopische und klinische Aspekte. Leber Magen Darm 1982; 12: 109–114
Spech, H.J., Pape, W.: Kavernöse Pfortadertransformation. Dtsch. Med. Wschr. 1987; 112: 1137–1139
Staritz, M., Rambow, A.: Messung des hydrostatischen Druckes in Ösophagusvarizen. Wissenschaftliche Befunde und klinische Bedeutung. Dtsch. Med. Wschr. 1990; 115: 382–385
Strohmeyer, F.W., Ishak, K.G.: Nodular transformation (nodular “regenerative” hyperplasia) of the liver: A clinicopathologic study of 30 cases. Human Pathol 1981; 12: 60–71
Sung, J.J.Y., Lee, Y.T., Leong, R.W.L.: EUS in portal hypertension. Gastrointest. Endosc. 2002; 56(Suppl.): 35–43
Tahri, N., Ben Amor, M.M., Njeh, M., Sallemi, A., Krichen, M.S.: Aspects colonoscopiques de l’hypertension portale. Etude prospective de 31 cas. Ann. Gastroenterol. Hépatol. 1997; 33: 205–211
Tassoni, J.P. jr., Fawaz, K.A., Johnston, D.E.: Cirrhosis and portal hypertension in a patient with adult Niemann-Pick disease. Gastroenterology 1991; 100: 567–569
Taylor, C.R.: Computed tomography in the evaluation of the portal venous system. J. Clin. Gastroenterol. 1992; 14: 167–172
Tekeste, H., Latour, F., Levitt, R.E.: Portal hypertension complicating sarcoid liver disease: case report and review of the literature. Amer. J. Gastroenterol. 1984; 79: 389–396
Thuluvath, P.J., Yoo, H.Y.: Portal hypertensive gastropathy (review). Amer. J. Gastroenterol. 2002; 97: 2973–2978
Tsuneyama, K., Kouda, Nakanuma, Y.: Portal and parenchymal alterations of the liver in idiopathic portal hypertension: a histological and immunochemical study. Path. Res. Prac. 2002; 198: 579–603
Urata, J., Yamashita, Y., Tsuchigame, T., Hatanaka, Y., Matsukawa, T., Sumi, S., Matsuno, Y., Takahashi, M.: The effects of transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt on portal hypertensive gastropathy. J. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. 1998; 13: 1061–1067
Vakili, C., Farahvash, M.J., Bynum, T.E.: “Endemic” idiopathic portal hypertension: report on 32 patients with non-cirrhotic portal fibrosis. World J. Surg. 1992; 16: 118–125
Valla, D., Pessegueiro-Miranda, H., Degott, C., Lebrec, D., Rueff, B., Benhamou, J.P.: Hepatic sarcoidosis with portal hypertension. A report of seven cases with a review of the literature. Quart. J. Med. 1987; 63: 531–544
Valla, D., Casadevall, N., Huisse, M.G., Tulliez, M., Grange, J.D., Müller, O., Binda, T., Varet, B., Rueff, B., Benhamou, J.P.: Etiology of portal vein thrombosis in adults. A prospective evaluation of primary myeloproliferative disorders. Gastroenterology 1988; 94: 1063–1069
Valla, D., Flejou, J.F., Lebrec, D., Bernuau, J., Rueff, B., Salzmann, J.L., Benhamou, J.P.: Portal hypertension and ascites in acute hepatitis: clinical, hemodynamic and histological correlations. Hepatology 1989; 10: 482–487
Vescia, F.G., Babb, R.R.: Colonic varices: a rare, but important cause of gastrointestinal hemorrhage. J. Clin. Gastroenterol. 1985; 7: 63–65
Viggiano, T.R., Gostout, C.J.: Portal hypertensive intestinal vasculopathy: a review of the clinical, endoscopic, and histopathologic features. Amer. J. Gastroenterol. 1992; 87: 944–954
Vigneri, S., Termini, R., Piraino, A., Scialabba, A., Bovero, E., Pisciotta, G., Fontana, N.: The duodenum in liver cirrhosis: endoscopic, morphological and clinical findings. Endoscopy 1991; 23: 210–212
Vigneri, S., Termini, R., Piraino, A., Scialabba, A., Pisciotta, G., Fontana, N.: The stomach in liver cirrhosis. Endoscopic, morphological, and clinical correlations. Gastroenterology 1991; 101: 472–478
Vilgrain, V., Lebrec, D., Menu, Y., Scherrer, A., Nahum, H.: Comparison between ultrasonographic signs and the degree of portal hypertension in patients with cirrhosis. Gastrointest. Radiol. 1990; 15: 218–222
Vosshenrich, R., Fischer, U., Grabbe, E.: MR angiography in portal hypertension. State of the art. Radiologe 2001; 41: 868–876
Wanless, I.R., Lentz, J.S., Roberts, E.A.: Partial nodular transformation of liver in an adult with persistent ductus venosus. Review with hypothesis on pathogenesis. Arch. Path. Lab. Med. 1985; 109: 427–432
Wanless, I.R.: Micronodular transformation (nodular regenerative hyperplasia) of the liver: a report of 64 cases among 2500 autopsies and a new classification of benign hepatocellular nodules. Hepatology 1990; 11: 787–797
Wanless, I.R.: Noncirrhotic portal hypertension: recent concepts. Progr. Liver Dis. 1997; 14: 265–278
Weiler, H., Weiler, Ch., Gerok, W.: Decreased prostaglandin E2 immunoactivity of gastric mucosa in portal hypertension. Netherl. J. Med. 1991; 38: 4–12
Weinshel, E., Chen, W., Falkenstein, D.B., Kessler, R., Raicht, R.F.: Hemorrhoids or rectal varices: defining the cause of massive rectal hemorrhage in patients with portal hypertension. Gastroenterology 1986; 90: 744–747
West, M.S., Garra, B.S., Horti, S.C., Hayes, W.S., Cooper, C., Silverman, P.M., Zeman, R.K.: Gall bladder varices: imaging findings in patients with portal hypertension. Radiology 1991; 179: 179–182
Wilson, K.W., Robinson, D.C., Hacking, P.M.: Portal hypertension in childhood. Brit. J. Surg. 1969; 56: 13–22
Youssef, A.I., Escalante-Glorsky, S., Bonnet, R.B., Chen, Y.K.: Hemoptysis secondary to bronchial varices associated with alcoholic liver cirrhosis and portal hypertension. Amer. J. Gastroenterol. 1994; 89: 1562–1563
Zeijen, R.N.M., Sels, J.P.J.E., Flendrig, J.A., Arends, J.W.: Portal hypertension and intrahepatic cholestasis in hepatic amyloidosis. Netherl. J. Med. 1991; 38: 257–261
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2006 Springer Medizin Verlag Heidelberg
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
(2006). Portal hypertension. In: Hepatology Principles and Practice. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-28977-1_14
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-28977-1_14
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-540-28976-0
Online ISBN: 978-3-540-28977-7
eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)
