Skip to main content

Composition and Structure of Cementum: Strategies for Bonding

  • Chapter

Abstract

The cervical margin of class-II and class-V cavities is usually located below the cemento-enamel junction. This area poses a clinical problem in adhesive resin restorations, since the margins of the cavities are limited by cementum (Fig. 8.1), a calcified tissue exhibiting several histo-morphological and functional variations from the dental structures that have been extensively evaluated as bonding substrates (enamel and dentin).

Keywords

  • Root Surface
  • Periodontal Ligament
  • Root Resorption
  • Dentin Surface
  • Root Dentin

These keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.

This is a preview of subscription content, access via your institution.

Buying options

Chapter
USD   29.95
Price excludes VAT (Canada)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD   139.00
Price excludes VAT (Canada)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD   179.99
Price excludes VAT (Canada)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD   179.99
Price excludes VAT (Canada)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Learn about institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Mjör IA. The location of clinically diagnosed secondary caries. Ouintessence Int 1988; 29:313–317

    Google Scholar 

  2. Beznos C. Microleakage at the cervical margin of composite class II cavities with different restorative techniques. Oper Dent 2001; 26:60–69

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  3. Hargraves JA, Grossman ES, Matejka JM. Scanning electron microscopic study of prepared cavities involving enamel, dentin and cementum. J Prosth Dent 1989; 61:191–197

    CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  4. Tay FR, Gwinnett AJ, Pang KM, Wei SHY. Variability in microleakage observed in a total-etch wet-bonding technique under different handling conditions. J Dent Res 1995; 74:1168–1178

    CrossRef  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  5. Ferrari M, Cagidiago MC, Davidson C. Resistance of cementum in class II and V cavities to penetration by an adhesive system. Dent Mater 1997; 13:157–162

    CrossRef  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  6. Demarco FF, Ramos OLV, Mota CS, Formolo E, Justino LM. Influence of different restorative techniques on microleakage in class II cavities with gingival wall in cementum. Oper Dent 2001; 26:253–259

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  7. Schroeder UE. Oral structural biology. Thieme, Zurich, 1991

    Google Scholar 

  8. Avery JK. Oral development and histology, 2nd edn. Thieme, New York, 1994

    Google Scholar 

  9. Bosshardt DD, Selvig KA. Dental cementum: the dynamic tissue covering of the root. Periodontology 1997; 13:41–75

    CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  10. ten Cate AR. Oral histology. Development, structure and function, 5th edn. Mosby, St. Louis, 1998

    Google Scholar 

  11. Beertsen W, Van den Bos T. Alkaline phosphatase induces the deposition of calcified layers in relation to dentin: an in vitro study to mimic the formation of afibrillar acellular cementum. J Dent Res 1990; 69:1669–1673

    CrossRef  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  12. Thomas HF. Root formation. Int J Devel Biol 1995; 39:231–237

    Google Scholar 

  13. Bosshardt DD, Schroeder HE. Establishment of acellular extrinsic fiber cementum on human teeth. A light-and electron-microscopic study. Cell Tissue Res 1991; 263:325–336

    CrossRef  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  14. Bosshardt DD, Schroeder HE. Cementogenesis reviewed: a comparison between human premolars and rodent molars. Anat Rec 1996; 245:267–292

    CrossRef  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  15. Schroeder HE. Human cellular mixed stratified cementum: a tissue with alternating layers of acellular extrinsic and cellular intrinsic fiber cementum. Schweiz Monatsschr Zahned 1993; 103:550–560

    Google Scholar 

  16. Schroeder HE. Biological problems of regenerative cementogenesis: synthesis and attachment of collagenous matrices on growing and established root surfaces. Int Rev Cytol 1992; 142:1–59

    CrossRef  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  17. Azaz B, Ulmansky M, Moshev R, Sela J. Correlation between age and thickness of cementum in impacted teeth. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 1974; 38:691–694

    CrossRef  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  18. ten Cate AR, Mills C. The development of the periodontium: the origin of alveolar bone. Anat Rec 1972; 173:69–78

    CrossRef  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  19. Palmer RM, Lumsden AS. Development of periodontal ligament and alveolar bone in homografted recombinations of enamel organs and papillary, pulpal and follicular mesenchyme in the mouse. Arch Oral Biol 1987; 32:281–289

    CrossRef  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  20. Nociti FH, Berry JE, Foster BL, Gurley KA, Kingsley DM, Takata T, Miyaushi M, Somerman MJ. Cementum: a phosphate sensitive tissue. J Dent Res 2002; 81:817–821

    CrossRef  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  21. Beertsen W, Van den Bos T, Everts V. Continuous growth of acellular extrinsic fiber cementum. A review. Acta Med Dent Helv 1997; 2:103–115

    Google Scholar 

  22. Slavkin HC, Boyde A. Cementum: an epithelial secretory product? J Dent Res 1974; 53:157

    CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  23. MacNeil RL, Thomas HF. Development of the murine periodontium. I. Role of basement membrane in formation of a mineralized tissue on the developing root dentin surface. J Periodontol 1993; 64:95–102

    CrossRef  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  24. Hammarstrom L, Alatli I, Fong CD. Origins of cementum. Oral Dis 1996; 2:63–69

    CrossRef  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  25. Heritier M. Experimental induction of cementogenesis on the enamel of transplanted mouse tooth germs. Arch Oral Biol 1982; 27:87–97

    CrossRef  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  26. Yamamoto H, Masuda, Toeda K, Suzuki K. Microradiographic and histopathological study of the cementum. Bull Tokyo Med Dent Univ 1962; 9:141–150

    Google Scholar 

  27. Selvig KA. The fine structure of human cementum. Acta Odontol Scand 1965; 23:423–441

    CrossRef  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  28. Furseth R, Johansen E. A microradiographic comparison of sound and carious human dental cementum. Arch Oral Biol 1968; 13:1197–1206

    CrossRef  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  29. MacNeil RL, D’Errico JA, Ouyang H, Berry J, Strayhorn C, Somerman MJ. Isolation of murine cementoblasts: unique cells or uniquely positioned osteoblasts? Eur J Oral Sci 1998 (Suppl I):350–356

    CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  30. Bar Kana I, Savion N, Narayanan AS, Pittaru S. Cementum attachment protein manifestation is restricted to the mineralized tissue forming cells of the periodontium. Eur J Oral Sci 1998 (Suppl I):357–364

    CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  31. Yamamoto T. The innermost layer of cementum in rat molars: its ultrastucture, development, and calcification. Arch Histol Jpn 1986; 49:459–481

    CrossRef  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  32. Bencze L. Befunde an der Dentinzementgrenze. Stomatologie 1927; 5:887–896

    Google Scholar 

  33. Owens PDA. A light and electron microscopic study of the early stages of root surface formation in molar teeth in the rat. Arch Oral Biol 1980; 24:901–907

    CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  34. Yamamoto T, Wakita M. The development and structure of principal fibers and cellular cementum in rat molars. J Periodont Res 1991; 26:129–137

    CrossRef  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  35. Davis WL. Oral histology. Cell structure and function. Saunders, Philadelphia, 1986

    Google Scholar 

  36. Weber DF. An improved technique for producing casts of the internal structure of hard tissues, including some observations on human dentine. Arch Oral Biol 1983; 28:885–891

    CrossRef  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  37. Hammarstrom L, Lindskog S. Factors regulating and modifying dental root resorption. Proc Finn Dent Soc 1992; 88(Suppl I):115–123

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  38. Yonemura K. Narayanan AS, Miki Y, Page RC, Okada H. Isolation and partial characterization of a growth factor from human cementum. Bone Miner 1992; 18:187–198

    CrossRef  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  39. Wu D, Ikezawa K, Parker T, Saito M, Narayanan AS. Characterization of a collagenous cementum-derived attachment protein. J Bone Min Res 1996; 11:686–692

    CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  40. Christoffersen J, Landis WJ. A contribution with review to the description of mineralization of bone and other calcified tissues in vivo. Anat Rec 1991; 230:435–450

    CrossRef  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  41. Pitaru S, Narayanan SA, Olson S, Savion N, Hekmati H, Alt I, Metzger Z. Specific cementum attachment protein enhances selectively the attachment and migration of periodontal cells to root surfaces. J Periodont Res 1995; 30:360–368

    CrossRef  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  42. Groeneveld MC, Everts V, Beertsen W. Alkaline phosphatase activity in the periodontal ligament and gingiva of the rat molar: its relation to cementum formation. J Dent Res 1955; 74:1374–1381

    CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  43. Hals E, Selvig KA Correlated electron probe microanalysis and microradiography of carious and normal dental cementum. Caries Res 1977; 11:62–65

    CrossRef  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  44. Weatherell JA, Robinson C. Fluoride in teeth and bone. In: Ekstrand J, Fejerskov O, Silvestone LM, eds. Fluoride in dentistry. Munksgaard, Copenhagen, 1988, pp 28–59

    Google Scholar 

  45. Nakata TM, Stepnick RJ, Zipkin I. Chemistry of human dental cementum: the effect of age and fluoride exposure on the concentration of ash, fluoride, calcium, phosphorus and magnesium. J Periodontol 1972; 43:115–124

    CrossRef  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  46. Neiders ME, Eick JD, Miller WA, Leitner JW. Electron probe microanalysis of cementum and underlying dentin in young permanent teeth. J Dent Res 1972; 51:122–130

    CrossRef  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  47. Barton NS, Van Swol RL. Periodontally diseased vs normal roots as evaluated by scanning electron microscopy and electron probe analysis. J Periodontol 1987; 58:634–638

    CrossRef  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  48. Daly CG, Kieser JB, Corbet EF. Histological assessment of periodontally involved cementum. J Clin Periodontol 1982; 9:266–274

    CrossRef  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  49. Lygre H, Solheim E, Gjerdet NR, Skaug N. Fatty acids of healthy and periodontally diseased root substance in human teeth. J Dent Res 1992; 71:43–46

    CrossRef  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  50. Andriaens PA, De Boever JA, Loesche WJ. Bacterial invasion in root cementum and radicular dentin of periodontally diseased teeth in humans: a reservoir of periodontopathogenic bacteria. J Periodontol 1988; 59:222–230

    CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  51. Armitage GC, Christie TM. Structural changes in exposed human cementum. I. Light microscopic observations. J Periodont Res 1973; 8:343–355

    CrossRef  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  52. Erasquin J, Muruzabal M. Necrosis of cementum induced by root canal treatments in the molar teeth of rats. Arch Oral Biol 1967; 12:1123–1132

    CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  53. Zander HA, hurzeler B. Continuous cementum apposition. J Dent Res 1958; 37:1035–1044

    CrossRef  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  54. Bosshardt DD. Morphologische, morphodynamische und autoradiographische untersuchung der zementogenese an menschlichen zahnen. Thesis, Verlag Dr. Kovac, Hamburg, 1993

    Google Scholar 

  55. Dastmalchi R, Polson A, Bouwsma O, Proskin H. Cementum thickness and mesial drift. J Clin Periodontol 1990:17:709–713

    CrossRef  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  56. Furseth R. A microradiographic and electron microscopic study of the cementum of human deciduous teeth. Acta Odontol Scand 1967; 25:613–645

    CrossRef  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  57. Furseth R. The fine structure of the cellular cementum of young human teeth. Arch Oral Biol 1969; 14:1147–1158

    CrossRef  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  58. Nyvad B, ten Cate JM, Fejerskov O. Microradiography of experimental root surface caries in man. Caries Res 1989; 23:218–223

    CrossRef  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  59. Tohda H, Fejerskov O, Yanagisawa T. Transmission electron microscopy of cementum crystals correlated with Ca and F distribution in normal and carious human root surfaces. J Dent Res 1996; 75:949–954

    CrossRef  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  60. Nyvad B, Fejerskov O. Active and inactive root surface caries: structural entites? In: Thylstrup A, Leach SA, Qvist V, eds. Dentine and dentine reactions in the oral cavity. IRL Press, Oxford, 1987

    Google Scholar 

  61. Nyvad B, Fejerskov O. An ultrastructural study of bacteria invasion and tissue breakdown in human experimental root surface caries. J Dent Res 1990; 69:2218–2225

    CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  62. Kidd EAM, Joyston-Bechal S. Essentials of dental caries. The disease and its management. Oxford University Press, New York, 1995

    Google Scholar 

  63. Selvig KA. Nonbanded fibrils of collagenous nature in human periodontal connective tissue. J Periodont Res 1968; 3:169–179

    CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  64. Selvig KA. Biological changes at the tooth-saliva interface in periodontal disease. J Dent Res 1969; 48:846–855

    CrossRef  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  65. Nakib NM, Bissada NF, Simmelink JW, Goldstine SN. Endotoxin penetration into cementum of periodontally healthy and diseased human teeth. J Periodontol 1982; 53:368–378

    CrossRef  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  66. Wirthlin ME, Pedersen ED, Hancock EB, Lamberts BL, Leonard EP. The hypermineralization of diseased root surfaces. J Periodontol 1979; 50:125–127

    CrossRef  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  67. Yamamoto H, Sugahara N, Yamada N. Histopathological and microradiographic study of the exposed cementum from periodontally diseased human teeth. Bull Tokyo Med Dent Univ 1966; 13:407–421

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  68. Furseth R. Further observations on the fine structure of orally exposed and carious human dental cementum. Arch Oral Biol 1971; 16:71–85

    CrossRef  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  69. Cohen M, Garnick JJ, Ringle RD, Hanes PJ, Thompson WO. Calcium and phosphorus content of roots exposed to the oral environment. J Clin Periodontol 1992; 9:268–273

    CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  70. Furseth R. A study of experimentally exposed and fluoride treated dental cementum in pigs. Acta Odontol Scand 1970; 28:833–850

    CrossRef  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  71. Yamada N. Fine structure of exposed cementum in periodontal disease. Bull Tokyo Med Dent Univ 1968; 15:409–434

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  72. Moody AB, Speculand B, Smith AJ, Basu MK. Muliple idiopathic external resorption of teeth. Intern J Oral Maxillofac Surg 1990; 19:200–202

    CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  73. Brosjo M, Anderssen K, Berg J-O, Lindskog S. An experimental model for cervical resorption in monkeys. Endod Dent Traumatol 1990; 6:118–120

    CrossRef  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  74. Andreasen JO. Luxation injuries. In: Traumatic injuries of the teeth. Munksgaard, Copenhagen, 1981

    Google Scholar 

  75. Tay FR, Kwong SM, Itthagarun A, King NM, Yip HK, Moulding KM, Pashley DH. Bonding of a self-etching primer to noncarious cervical sclerotic dentin: interfacial ultrastructure and microtensile bond strength evaluation. J Adhesive Dent 2000; 2:9–28

    Google Scholar 

  76. Nakajima M, Sano H, Burrow MF, Tagami J, Yoshiyama M, Ebisu S, Ciucchi B, Russell CM, Pashley DH. Tensile bond strength and SEM evaluation of caries affected dentin using dentin adhesives. J Dent Res 1995; 74:1679–1688

    CrossRef  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  77. O’Leary TJ, Kafrawy AH. Total cementum removal: a realistic objective? J Periodontol 1983; 54:221–226

    CrossRef  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  78. Van Dijiken JWV, Horsted TP, Waern R. Directed polymerization shrinkage versus a horizontal incremental technique: interfacial adaptation in vivo in class II cavities. Amer J Dent 1998; 11:165–172

    Google Scholar 

  79. Abade PF, Bertacchini M, Polack A, Macchi RL. Adhesion of a compomer to dental structures. Quintessence Int 1997; 28:509–512

    Google Scholar 

  80. Cagitiaco MC, Ferrari M, Vichi, Davidson CL. Mapping of tubule and intertubule surface areas available for bonding in class V and class II preparations. J Dent 1997; 25:379–389

    CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  81. Blomlöf J. Root cementum appearance in healthy monkeys and periodontitis-prone patients after different etching modalities. J Clin Periodontol 1996; 23:12–18

    CrossRef  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  82. Eliades G, Palaghias G, Vougiouklakis G. Bonding composites to cementum by Gluma: surface characterization and bond strength. J Dent Res 1991; 70:383, Abstract 940

    Google Scholar 

  83. Eliades G, Palaghias G, Vougiouklakis G. Surface reactions of adhesives on dentin. Dent Mater 1990; 6:208–216

    CrossRef  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  84. Mountouris G, Eliades G. Effect of dental adhesives on cervical root cementum. Odontostom Proodos 2002; 56:448–460

    Google Scholar 

  85. Brännström M, Garberoglio R. The dentinal tubules and the odontoblast processes. Acta Odont Scand 1972; 30:291–311

    CrossRef  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  86. Yoshiyama M, Masada J, Uchida A, Ishida H. Scanning electron microscopic characterization of sensitive vs insensitive human radicular dentin. J Dent Res 1989; 68:1498–1502

    CrossRef  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  87. Yoshiyama M, Noiri Y, Ozaki K, Uchida A, Ishikawa Y, Ishida H. Transmission electron microscopic characterization of hypersensitive human radicular dentin. J Dent Res 1990; 1293–1297

    Google Scholar 

  88. Kolker JL, Vargas M, Armstrong SR, Dawson D. Effect of desensitizing agents on dentin permeability and dentin tubule occlusion. J Adhesive Dent 2002; 4:211–221

    Google Scholar 

  89. Zhang Y, Agee K, Pashley DH, Pashley EL. The effects of pain-free desensitizer on dentine permeability and tubule occlusion over time, in vitro. J Clin Periodontol 1998; 25:884–891

    CrossRef  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  90. Kakaboura A. Aging of glass-ionomer cements. In: Eliades G, Eliades T, Brantley WA, Watts DC, eds. Dental materials in vivo, aging and related phenomena. Quintessence, Carol Stream, Illinois, pp 79–98

    Google Scholar 

  91. Ferrari M, Davidson CL. Sealing capacity of a resin-modified glass-ionomer and resin composite placed in vivo in class V restorations. Oper Dent 1996; 21:69–72

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  92. Hawkins CL, Davies MJ. Hypochlorite-induced damage to proteins: formation of nitrogencentered radicals from lysine residues and their role in protein fragmentation. Biochem J 1998; 332:617–625

    CrossRef  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  93. Prati C, Chersoni S, Pashley DH. Effect of removal of surface collagen fibrils on resin-dentin bonding. Dent Mater 1999; 15:123–331

    CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  94. Perdigâo J, Thompson JY, Toledano M, Osorio R. An ultra-morphological characterization of collagen-depleted etched dentin. Am J Dent 1999; 12:250–255

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  95. Tay FR, Pashley DH. Dental adhesives of the future. J Adhesive Dent 2002; 4:91–103

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and Permissions

Copyright information

© 2005 Springer-Verlag Berlin · Heidelberg

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Tziafas, D. (2005). Composition and Structure of Cementum: Strategies for Bonding. In: Eliades, G., Watts, D., Eliades, T. (eds) Dental Hard Tissues and Bonding. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-28559-8_8

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-28559-8_8

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-540-23408-1

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-540-28559-5

  • eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics