Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Functioning of Mixed-Species Stands: Evidence from a Long-Term Forest Experiment

  • Chapter
Forest Diversity and Function

Part of the book series: Ecological Studies ((ECOLSTUD,volume 176))

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 259.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 329.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 329.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  • Assmann E (1970) The principles of forest yield study. Pergamon Press, Oxford, 506 pp

    Google Scholar 

  • Avery BW (1980) Soil classification for England and Wales (higher categories). Tech Monogr no 14. Soil Survey of England and Wales, Harpenden

    Google Scholar 

  • Bartsch N, Petercord R, von Lupke B (1996) Growth of sessile oak in mixture with Scots pine. Forst Holz 51:195–200

    Google Scholar 

  • Bi H, Turvey ND (1994) Inter-specific competition between seedlings of Pinus radiata, Eucalyptus regnans and Acacia melanoxylon. Aust J Bot 42:61–70

    Google Scholar 

  • Binkley D (1992) Mixtures nitrogen-fixing and non-nitrogen-fixing tree species. In: Cannell MGR, Malcolm DC, Robertson PA (eds) The ecology of mixed-species stands of trees. Blackwell, Oxford, pp 99–124

    Google Scholar 

  • Binns WO, Mayhead GJ, MacKenzie JM (1980) Nutrient deficiencies of conifers in British forests. Forestry Commission Leaflet no 76. HMSO, London

    Google Scholar 

  • Brandtberg P-O, Lundkvist H, Bengtsson J (2000) Changes in forest-floor chemistry caused by a birch admixture in Norway spruce stands. For Ecol Manage 130:253–264

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Briones MJI, Ineson P, Poskitt JM (1998) Climate change and Cognettia sphagnetorum:effect on carbon dynamics in organic soils. Funct Ecol 12:528–535

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Brown AHF (1988) Discrimination between the effects on soils of 4 tree species in pure and mixed stands using cotton strip assay. In: Harrison AF, Latter PM, Walton DWH (eds) Cotton strip assay: an index of decomposition in soils. ITE symposium no 24 Institute of Terrestrial Ecology, Grange-over-Sands, pp 80–83

    Google Scholar 

  • Brown AHF (1992) Functioning of mixed-species stands at Gisburn, N W England. In: Cannell MGR, Malcolm DC, Robertson PA (eds) The ecology of mixed-species stands of trees. Blackwell, Oxford, pp 125–150

    Google Scholar 

  • Brown AHF, Harrison AF (1983) Effects of tree mixtures on earthworm populations, and nitrogen and phosphorus status in Norway spruce (Picea abies) stands. In: Lebrun P, Andre HM, de Medts H, Gregoire-Wibo C, Wauthy G (eds) New trends in soil biology. Ottignies-Louvain-la Neuve, Dieu-Brichart, pp 101–108

    Google Scholar 

  • Brown AHF, Iles MA (1991) Water chemistry profiles under four tree species at Gisburn, NW England. Forestry 64:169–187

    CAS  ISI  Google Scholar 

  • Brozek S (1990) Effect of soil changes caused by red alder (Alnus rubra) on biomass and nutrient status of Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) seedlings. Can J For Res 20:1320–1325

    Google Scholar 

  • Burkhart HE, Tham A (1992) Predictions from growth and yield models of the performance of mixed-species stands. In: Cannell MGR, Malcolm DC, Robertson PA (eds) The ecology of mixed-species stands of trees. Blackwell, Oxford, pp 21–34

    Google Scholar 

  • Cairney JWG, Alexander IJ (1992a) A study of the ageing of spruce (Picea sitchensis (Bong) Carr.) ectomycorrhizas II Carbohydrate allocation in ageing Picea sitchensis/ Tylospora fibrillosa (Burt.) Donk ectomycorrhizas. New Phytol 122:153–158

    CAS  ISI  Google Scholar 

  • Cairney JWG, Alexander IJ (1992b) A study of the ageing of spruce (Picea sitchensis (Bong) Carr.) ectomycorrhizas III Phosphate absorption and transfer in ageing Picea sitchensis/Tylospora fibrillosa (Burt.) Donk ectomycorrhizas. New Phytol 122:159–164

    CAS  ISI  Google Scholar 

  • Cameron AD, Watson BA (2000) Growth and wood properties of Sitka spruce (Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr.) in nursing mixtures established on nitrogen-deficient mineral soils. Scand J For Res 15:237–246

    Google Scholar 

  • Carlyle JC, Malcolm DC (1986) Larch litter and nitrogen availability in mixed larchspruce stands II. A comparison of larch and spruce litters as a nitrogen source for Sitka spruce seedlings. Can J For Res 16:327–329

    Google Scholar 

  • Chapman K (1986) Interaction between tree species: decomposition and nutrient release from litters. PhD Thesis, University of Lancaster

    Google Scholar 

  • DeBell DS, Cole TG, Whitesell CD (1997) Growth, development and yield of pure and mixed stands of Eucalyptus and Albizia. For Sci 43:286–298

    Google Scholar 

  • De Wit CT, van den Bergh JP (1965) Competition between herbage plants. Neth J Agric Sci 13:212–221

    Google Scholar 

  • Downes GM, Alexander IJ, Cairney JWG (1992) A study of the ageing of spruce (Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr.) ectomycorrhizas I Morphological and cellular changes in mycorrhizas formed by Tylospora fibrillosa (Burt.) Donk and Paxillus involutus (Batsch. ex Fr.) Fr. New Phytol 122:141–152

    ISI  Google Scholar 

  • Elliott WM, Elliott NB, Wyman RL (1993) Relative effects of litter and forest type on rate of decomposition. Am Midl Nat 129:87–95

    Google Scholar 

  • Everard J (1973) Foliar analysis: sampling methods, interpretation and application of the results. Q J For 67:51–66

    Google Scholar 

  • Franklin JF (1989) Importance and justification of long-term studies in ecology. In: Likens GE (ed) Long-term studies in ecology. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York, pp 3–19

    Google Scholar 

  • Freist H (1991) Is it sensible to mix four tree species (beech, oak, spruce, larch)? Forst Holz 46:501–502

    Google Scholar 

  • Gardiner J J (1999) Changing forests, management and growing conditions. In: Olsthoorn AFM, Bartelink HH, Gardiner JJ, Pretzsch H, Hekhuis HJ, Franc A (eds) Management of mixed-species forest: silviculture and economics. IBN scientific contributions, vol 15. DLO Institute for Forestry and Nature Research, Wageningen, pp 17–19

    Google Scholar 

  • Giardina CP, Huffman S, Binkley D, Caldwell BA (1995) Alders increase soil phosphorus availability in a Douglas-fir plantation. Can J For Res 25:1652–1657

    Google Scholar 

  • Hartley MJ (2002) Rationale and methods for conserving biodiversity in plantation forests. For Ecol Manage 155:81–95

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hector A (1998) The effect of diversity on productivity: detecting the role of species complementarity. Oikos 82:597–599

    ISI  Google Scholar 

  • Hendrickson O, Chatarpaul (1984) Nitrification potential in an alder plantation. Can J For Res 14:543–546

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Holmes GD, Lines R (1956) Mixture experiments. Forestry Commission Rep Forest Res, London

    Google Scholar 

  • Kalinin MI, Zakharchuk IA (1983) Differences in the structure of the root systems of Pinus banksiana and P. sylvestris. Lesnoi-Zhurnal 1:28–31

    Google Scholar 

  • Kautz G, Topp W (1998) Sustainable forest management for improving soil quality. Forst Centralbl 117:23–43

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kelty MJ (1992) Comparative productivity of monocultures and mixed species stands. In: Kelty MJ, Larson CB, Oliver CD (eds) The ecology and silviculture of mixed-species forests, vol 40. Forestry sciences. Kluwer, Dordrecht, pp 131–141

    Google Scholar 

  • Lahde E, Laiho O, Norokorpi Y (1999) Diversity oriented silviculture in the Boreal Zone of Europe. For Ecol Manage 118:223–243

    Google Scholar 

  • Leuschner C, Hertel D, Coners H, Buttner V (2001) Root competition between beech and oak: a hypothesis. Oecologia 126:276–284

    Article  ISI  Google Scholar 

  • Lockow KW (1998) Long-term experimental plots at Eberswalde pine open stand experiment with beech underplanting at Schonholz 16. Beitr Forstwirts Landschaftsökol 32:145–154

    Google Scholar 

  • Longpré M-H, Bergeron Y, Paré D, Béland M (1994) Effect of companion species on the growth of Jack pine (Pinus banksiana). Can J For Res 24:1846–1853

    Google Scholar 

  • Loreau M, Hector A (2001) Partitioning selection and complementarity in biodiversity experiments. Nature 412:72–76

    Article  PubMed  CAS  ISI  Google Scholar 

  • Luis JFS, Monteiro M do L (1998) Dynamics of a broadleaved (Castanea sativa) conifer (Pseudotsuga menziesii) mixed stand in northern Portugal. For Ecol Manage 107:183–190

    Google Scholar 

  • Malcolm DC, Mason WL (1999) Experimental mixtures of Scots pine and birch: 30 year effects on production, vegetation and soils. In: Olsthoorn AFM, Bartelink HH, Gardiner JJ, Pretzsch H, Hekhuis HJ, Franc A (eds) Management of mixed-species forest: silviculture and economics. IBN scientific contributions, vol 15. DLO Institute for Forestry and Nature Research, Wageningen, pp 79–87

    Google Scholar 

  • MÃ¥rd H (1996) The influence of a birch shelter (Betula spp) on the growth of young stands of Picea abies. Scand J For Res 11:343–350

    Google Scholar 

  • McKay HM, Malcolm DC (1988) A comparison of the fine root component of a pure and a mixed coniferous stand. Can J For Res 18:1416–1426

    Google Scholar 

  • McTiernan KB, Ineson P, Coward PA (1997) Respiration and nutrient release from tree leaf litter mixtures. Oikos 78:527–538

    ISI  Google Scholar 

  • Moffat AJ, Boswell RC (1990) Effect of tree species and species mixtures on soil properties at Gisburn Forest, Yorkshire. Soil Use Manage 6:46–52

    Google Scholar 

  • Moore R, Warrington S, Whittaker JB (1991) Herbivory by insects on oak trees in pure stands compared with paired mixtures. J Appl Ecol 28:290–304

    Google Scholar 

  • Morgan JL, Campbell JM, Malcolm DC (1992) Nitrogen relations of mixed-species stands on oligotrophic soils. In: Cannell MGR, Malcolm DC, Robertson PA (eds) The ecology of mixed-species stands of trees. Blackwell, Oxford, pp 65–85

    Google Scholar 

  • Muller MM, Hallaksela AM (1998) Diversity of Norway spruce needle endophytes in various mixed and pure Norway spruce stands. Mycol Res 102:1183–1189

    Google Scholar 

  • Norokorpi Y (1994) Admixture of birch in planted Norway spruce stands enhances total yield. In: Pinto da Costa ME, Preuhsler T (eds) Mixed stands: research plots, measurements and results. Proceedings of the symposium of the IUFRO working group S 4.01. Lousa/Coimbra April 1994 Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Lisboa, pp 97–103

    Google Scholar 

  • Nüsslein S (1993) Comparison of performance of pure spruce stands and mixed spruce/beech stands. Allg Forst Z 48:682–684

    Google Scholar 

  • Oyen B H, Tveite B (1998) A comparison of site index class and potential stem volume yield between different tree species growing on equivalent sites in western Norway. Rapport fra Skogforskningen no 15, 32 pp

    Google Scholar 

  • Ponge JF, Prat B (1982) Collembola, indicators of the humification process in coniferous, deciduous and mixed plantations: results form the forest of Orleans, Franc. Rev Ecol Biol Sol 19:237–250

    Google Scholar 

  • Poursin JM, Ponge JF (1982) Comparison of three forest plantations (broadleaves, conifers and mixed) by means of their soil fauna composition (Collembola and Oribatids). CR Hebdom Seances Acad Sci 22:1021–1024

    Google Scholar 

  • Prescott CE, Zabek LM, Staley CL, Kabzems R (2000) Decomposition of broadleaf and needle litter in forests of British Columbia: influences of litter type, forest type and litter mixtures. Can J For Res 30:1742–1750

    Google Scholar 

  • Robertson SMC, Hornung M, Kennedy VH (2000) Water chemistry of throughfall and soil water under four tree species at Gisburn, northwest England, before and after felling. For Ecol Manage 129:101–117

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rothe A, Binkley D (2001) Nutritional interactions in mixed species forests: a synthesis. Can J For Res 31:1855–1870

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rothe A, Kreutzer K, Küchenhoff H (2002) Influence of tree species composition on soil and soil solution properties in two mixed spruce-beech stands with contrasting history in southern Germany. Plant Soil 240:47–56

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Saetre P, Brandtberg P-O, Lundkvist H, Bengtsson J (1999) Soil organisms and carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus mineralisation in Norway spruce and mixed Norway spruce-Birch stands. Biol Fertil Soils 28:382–388

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Schmid I, Kazda M (2001) Vertical distribution and radial growth of coarse roots in pure and mixed stands of Fagus sylvatica and Picea abies. Can J For Res 31:539–548

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Schuler TM, Smith FW (1988) Effect of species mix on site/density and leaf area relations in southwest pinyon/juniper woodlands. For Ecol Manage 25:211–220

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Su Q, Maclean DA, Needham TD (1996) The influence of hardwood content on balsam fir defoliation by spruce budworm. Can J For Res 26:1620–1628

    Google Scholar 

  • Swift MJ, Heal OW, Anderson JM (1979) Decomposition in terrestrial ecosystems. Studies in ecology, vol 5. Blackwell, Oxford

    Google Scholar 

  • Tarrant RF (1961) Stand development and soil fertility in a Douglas-fir/red alder plantation. For Sci 7:238–246

    Google Scholar 

  • Tarrant RF, Trappe JM (1971) The role of Alnus in improving the forest environment. Plant Soil Spec Vol 335–348

    Google Scholar 

  • Thelin G, Rosengren U, Callesen I, Ingerslev M (2002) The nutrient status of Norway spruce in pure and in mixed-species stands. For Ecol Manage 160:115–125

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Turner DP, Sollins P, Leuknig M, Rudd N (1993) Availability and uptake of inorganic nitrogen in a mixed old-growth coniferous forest. Plant Soil 148:163–174

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Valkonen S, Valsta L (2001) Productivity and economics of mixed two-storied spruce and birch stands in Southern Finland simulated with empirical models. For Ecol Manage 140:133–149

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Von Lupke B, Spellmann H (1997) Aspects of stability and growth of mixed spruce-beech stands as a basis of silvicultural decisions. Forstarchiv 68:167–179

    Google Scholar 

  • Wang JR, Letchford T, Comeau P, Kimmins JP (2000) Above-and below-ground biomass and nutrient distribution of a paper birch and subalpine fir mixed-species stand in the Sub-Boreal zone of British Columbia. For Ecol Manage 130:17–26

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Watt AD (1992) Insect pest population dynamics: effects of tree species diversity. In: Cannell MGR, Malcolm DC, Robertson PA (eds) The ecology of mixed-species stands of trees. Blackwell, Oxford, pp 267–275

    Google Scholar 

  • Yanai RD, Malcolm DC (1992) Competitive interactions between Norway spruce and Scots pine at Gisburn Forest, NW England. Forestry 65:435–451

    ISI  Google Scholar 

Download references

Authors
  1. H.E. Jones
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. N. McNamara
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. W.L. Mason
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Federal Institute of Technology Zurich (ETH) Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Institute of Plant Sciences, Universitätsstr. 2, 8092, Zürich, Switzerland

    Michael Scherer-Lorenzen

  2. Institute of Botany, University of Basel, Schönbeinstr. 6, 4056, Basel, Switzerland

    Christian Körner

  3. Max-Planck-Institute for Biogeochemistry, Hans-Knöll-Str. 10, 07745, Jena, Germany

    Ernst-Detlef Schulze

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2005 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Jones, H., McNamara, N., Mason, W. (2005). Functioning of Mixed-Species Stands: Evidence from a Long-Term Forest Experiment. In: Scherer-Lorenzen, M., Körner, C., Schulze, ED. (eds) Forest Diversity and Function. Ecological Studies, vol 176. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-26599-6_6

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation