Abstract
Soils can act as a sink for anthropogenic and naturally released heavy metals. Among these are heavy metal oxides and sulfides, which are emitted e.g. by mining industry and metal smelting. The dissolution and transformation behavior of these heavy metal phases specifies their fate in the soil and determines whether the metals become bioavailable or could contaminate the groundwater. To gain more information about these dissolution reactions in soils, in-situ methods are needed. We present here a method to fix particulate metal phases on an inert support. This method allows us to expose and recover metal phases in the environment under controlled conditions.
Acrylic glass was chosen as inert polymer substrate for the heavy metal phases as it is stable to weathering. Epoxy resin was used as adhesive film between the acrylic glass support and the heavy metal coating. The fine-grained heavy metal phases are applied onto the epoxy resin using a dust spray gun. The heavy metal coated polymer platelets can be inserted in a controlled way into selected soil profiles and be recovered after definite time intervals. Qualifying and quantifying analysis can be carried out on every single polymer support.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Alloway BJ, Ayres DC (1997) The behaviour of pollutants in the soil. In: Ayres DC (ed) Chemical principles of environmental pollution. Blackie, London, pp 395
Bennett PC, Rogers JR, Choi WJ (2001) Silicates, silicate weathering, and microbial ecology. Geomicrobiol J 18:3–19
Birkefeld A, Nowack B, Schulin R (2004) A new in-situ method to monitor mineral particle reactions under field conditions. Environ Sci Technol (submitted)
Brümmer GW (1986) Heavy metal species, mobility and availability in soils. In: Sadler PJ (ed) The importance of chemical “speciation” in environmental processes. Springer-Verlag, Berlin
Brümmer GW, Gerth J, Herms U (1986) Heavy metal species, mobility and availlability in soils. Z Pflanz Bodenkunde 149:382–398
Dudka S, Adriano DC (1997) Environmental impacts of metal ore mining and processing: a review. J Environ Qual 26:590–602
Dudka S, Ponce-Hernandez R, Tate G, Hutchinsons TC (1995) Forms of Cu, Ni and Zn in soils of Sudbury, Ontario and the metal concentrations in plants. Water Air Soil Poll 90:531–542
Fendorf SE, Sparks DL, Lamble GM, Kelley MJ (1994) Applications of X-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy to soils. Soil Sci Soc Am J 58:1583–1595
Fengxiang H, Banin A (1997) Long-term transformations and redistribution of potentially toxic heavy metals in arid-zone soils incubated: I. under saturated condtions. Water Air Soil Poll 95:399–423
Ford RG, Scheinost AC, Scheckel KG, Sparks DL (1999) The link between clay mineral weathering and the stabilization of Ni surface precipitates. Environ Sci Technol 33:3140–3144
Ge Y, Murray P, Hendershot WH (2000) Trace metal speciation and bioavailability in urban soils. Environ Pollut 107:137–144
Hatton A, Ranger J, Robert M, Nys C, Bonnaud P (1987) Weathering of a mica introduced into four acidic forest soils. J Soil Sci 38:179–190
Henderson PJ, McMartin I, Hall GE, Percival JB, Walker DA (1998) The chemical and physical characteristics of heavy metals in humus and till in the vicinity of the base metal smelter at Flin Flon, Manitoba, Canada. Environ Geol 34:39–58
Ketterer ME, Lowry JH, Simon J, Humphries K, Novotnak MP (2001) Lead isotope and chalcophile element compositions in the environment near a zinc smelting-secondary zinc recovery facilitie, Palmerton, Pennsylvania, USA. Appl Geochem 16:207–229
Laiti E, Öhman LO (1996) Acid/base properties and phenylphosphonic acid complexation at the boehmite/water interface. J Colloid Interf Sci 183:441–452
Li X, Thornton I (2001) Chemical partitioning of trace and major elements in soils contaminated by mining and smelting acticities. Appl Geochem 16:1693–1706
Ma YB, Uren NC (1998) Transformations of heavy metals added to soil — application of a new sequential extraction procedure. Geoderma 84:157–168
Manceau A, Boisset M-C, Sarret G, Hazemann J-L, Mench M, Cambier P, Prost R (1996) Direct determination of lead speciation in contaminated soils by EXAFS spectroscopy. Environ Sci Technol 30:1540–1552
Ranger J, Dambrine E, Robert M, Righi D, Felix C (1991) Study of current soil-forming processes using bags of vermiculite and resins placed within soil horizons. Geoderma 48:335–350
Righi D, Bravard S, Chauvel A, Ranger J, Robert M (1990) In-situ study of soil processes in oxisol-spodsol sequence of Amazonia (Brazil). Soil Sci 150:438–445
Roberts DR, Scheinost AC, Sparks DL (2002) Zinc speciation in a smelter-contaminated soil profile using bulk and microspectroscopic techniques. Environ Sci Technol 36:1742–1750
Schachtschabel P, Blume HP, Brümmer GW, Hartge KH, Schwertmann U, Auerswald K, Beyer L, Fischer WR, Kögel-Knabner I, Renger M, Strebel O (1998) Anthropogene Veränderungen und Belastungen. In: Scheffer F (ed) Lehrbuch der Bodenkunde. Enke, Stuttgart, pp 494
Schwarz O (2000) Polymethylmethacrylat [PMMA], Acrylglas. In: Schwarz O (ed) Kunststoffkunde. Vogel-Verlag, Würzburg
Sobanska S, Ricq N, Laboudigue A, Guillermo R, Bremard C, Laureynes J, Merlin JC, Wignacourt JP (1999) Microchemical investigations of dust emitted by a lead smelter. Environ Sci Technol 33:1334–1339
Suter (1999) Epoxydharz L — Sicherheitsdatenblatt
Suter (2001) Epoxydharz C — Technical Data Sheet
Tessier A, Campbell PGC, Bisson M (1979) Sequential extraction procedure for the speciation of particulate trace metals. Anal Chem 51:844–851
Tsaplina MA (1996) Transformation and transport of lead, cadmium and zinc oxides in a sod-pod-zolic soil. Eurasian Soil Sci 28:32–40
Ure AM, Davidson CM (1995) Chemical speciation in the environment. Blackie, London
Welter E, Calmano W, Mangold S, Tröger L (1999) Chemical speciation of heavy metals in soils by use of XAFS spectroscopy and electron microscopical techniques. Fresenius J Anal Chem 364:238–244
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2005 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Birkefeld, A., Schulin, R., Nowack, B. (2005). In-situ Method for Analyzing the Long-Term Behavior of Particulate Metal Phases in Soils. In: Lichtfouse, E., Schwarzbauer, J., Robert, D. (eds) Environmental Chemistry. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-26531-7_1
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-26531-7_1
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-540-22860-8
Online ISBN: 978-3-540-26531-3
eBook Packages: Earth and Environmental ScienceEarth and Environmental Science (R0)