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Syntactic polymer foams

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Chromatography/Foams/Copolymers

Part of the book series: Advances in Polymer Science ((POLYMER,volume 73/74))

Abstract

The review deals with a special kind of gas-filled polymeric materials: the syntactic polymer foams, or spheroplastics, consisting of a polymer matrix and a hollow spherical filler. The survey covers the following aspects: preparation and properties of polymeric hollow micro- and macrospheres; physical principles of syntactic foam formation: rheology, regulation of apparent density, space factor and packing of syntactic compositions; chemical and technological principles of formation; preparation of syntactic foams based on epoxy, polyester, phenol, polyimide, and other resins, as well as the newest types of foams — prepregs, poly-phase structures, elastomeric and reinforced foams. The specificity of physical properties and methods of calculation of strength parameters are discussed. Attempts are made to evaluate the effect and contribution of size and packing of spheres on the principal physical properties. The main applications and trends of syntactic foams are outlined.

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Abbreviations

ABS:

Acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene copolymer

BJO:

USA grade phenolic microspheres

BMC:

Bulk molding compound

BV:

USSR grade phenolic microspheres

DMC:

Dough molding compound

DNPMTA:

Dinitrosopentamethylenetetramine

EDM:

USSR grade syntactic foam from epoxy resin and phenol microspheres

EDS:

USSR grade syntactic foam from epoxy resin and glass microspheres

EK:

USSR grade epoxy resin

EMS:

USSR grade syntactic foam based on epoxy resin

ENS:

USSR grade syntactic foam based on epoxy resin

FREP:

Fabricated reinforced epoxy tooling

FTD:

USA grade glass microspheres

HTF:

USA grade syntactic foam from polyimide resin

OEA:

Oligo(ester acrylate)

PhFO:

Phenol-formaldehyde oligomer

PMMA:

Poly(methyl methacrylate)

PPU:

USSR grade polyurethane foam

RIM:

Reaction injection molding process

RRIM:

Reinforced reaction injection molding process

SMC:

Sheet molding compound

SPAB:

USSR grade syntactic foam based on OEA

SPB:

USSR grade syntactic foam based on polyester resin

SPM:

USSR grade syntactic foam based on polyester resin

SPS:

USSR grade syntactic foam based on polyester resin

TTPSF:

Thermosetting three-phase syntactic foam

a:

inner radius of a hollow sphere

A:

coefficient

b:

outer radius of a hollow sphere

B:

coefficient

C:

concentration, content

D:

packing factor, diffusion coefficient, diameter

E:

elastic modulus

Ef :

elastic modulus of filler

Es :

elastic modulus of syntactic foam

E0 :

elastic modulus of matrix

G:

shear modulus

GH :

shear modulus of a hollow sphere

GS :

shear modulus of a solid sphere

G0 :

shear modulus of matrix

h:

half-thickness of a specimen

H:

long-term elastic modulus

J:

long-term shear modulus

K:

bulk elastic modulus

Kf :

bulk elastic modulus of filler

Ks :

space factor

K0 :

bulk elastic modulus of matrix

L:

length of specimen

P:

molding pressure, external pressure

Pcol :

collapsing hydrostatic pressure

Pr :

relative hydrostatic pressure

P0 :

pressure needed to get Ks

P∞ :

hydrostatic long-term pressure

r:

radius

S:

surface area

T:

temperature

V:

volume

Wτ :

water absorption in time τ

W∞ :

equilibrium water absorption

αf :

coefficient of thermal expansion for filler

α0 :

coefficient of thermal expansion for matrix

β:

parameter of cellular structure

γ:

apparent density

γb :

density of binder

γt :

theoretical apparent density

γ0 :

apparent density of matrix

tan δ:

dielectric losses

ε:

compressive deformation

ε′:

dielectric constant

ϑb :

binder volume fraction

ϑf :

filler volume fraction

ϑ mf :

maximum filler volume fraction

ϑsph :

true volume fraction of microspheres

ϑ0 :

packed volume fraction of spheres

λ:

thermal conductivity

ν:

Poisson's ratio

ν0 :

Poisson's ratio for matrix

σcyl :

cylindrical strength of filler

σf :

flexural strength

σs :

compressive strength

σsh :

shear strength

σt :

tensile strength

σ0 :

compressive strength of matrix

τ:

current time

τ*:

relaxation time

χi :

dimensionless numbers

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  1. Dept. of Polymer Processing, Mendeleev Institute of Chemistry and Technology, 125820, Moscow, USSR

    F. A. Shutov

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© 1986 Springer-Verlag

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Shutov, F.A. (1986). Syntactic polymer foams. In: Chromatography/Foams/Copolymers. Advances in Polymer Science, vol 73/74. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-15786-7_7

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-15786-7_7

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  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-540-15786-1

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-540-39651-2

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